Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.

Funerary landscapes are eminent results of the relationship between environments and superstructural human behavior, spanning over wide territories and growing over centuries. The comprehension of such cultural palimpsests needs substantial research efforts in the field of human ecology. The funerar...

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Autores principales:	Stefano Costanzo, Filippo Brandolini, Habab Idriss Ahmed, Andrea Zerboni, Andrea Manzo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa7d5731481a4b1580ee31f473cad966
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa7d5731481a4b1580ee31f473cad9662021-12-02T20:09:38ZCreating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253511https://doaj.org/article/aa7d5731481a4b1580ee31f473cad9662021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253511https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Funerary landscapes are eminent results of the relationship between environments and superstructural human behavior, spanning over wide territories and growing over centuries. The comprehension of such cultural palimpsests needs substantial research efforts in the field of human ecology. The funerary landscape of the semi-arid region of Kassala (Eastern Sudan) represents a solid example. Therein, geoarchaeological surveys and the creation of a desk-based dataset of thousands of diachronic funerary monuments (from early tumuli up to modern Beja people islamic tombs) were achieved by means of fieldwork and remote sensing over an area of ∼4100 km2. The wealth of generated information was employed to decipher the spatial arrangement of sites and monuments using Point Pattern Analysis. The enormous number of monuments and their spatial distribution are here successfully explained using, for the first time in archaeology, the Neyman-Scott Cluster Process, hitherto designed for cosmology. Our study highlights the existence of a built funerary landscape with galaxy-like aggregations of monuments driven by multiple layers of societal behavior. We suggest that the distribution of monuments was controlled by a synthesis of opportunistic geological constraints and cultural superstructure, conditioned by the social memory of the Beja people who have inhabited the region for two thousand years and still cherish the ancient tombs as their own kin's.Stefano CostanzoFilippo BrandoliniHabab Idriss AhmedAndrea ZerboniAndrea ManzoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253511 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Stefano Costanzo Filippo Brandolini Habab Idriss Ahmed Andrea Zerboni Andrea Manzo Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
description	Funerary landscapes are eminent results of the relationship between environments and superstructural human behavior, spanning over wide territories and growing over centuries. The comprehension of such cultural palimpsests needs substantial research efforts in the field of human ecology. The funerary landscape of the semi-arid region of Kassala (Eastern Sudan) represents a solid example. Therein, geoarchaeological surveys and the creation of a desk-based dataset of thousands of diachronic funerary monuments (from early tumuli up to modern Beja people islamic tombs) were achieved by means of fieldwork and remote sensing over an area of ∼4100 km2. The wealth of generated information was employed to decipher the spatial arrangement of sites and monuments using Point Pattern Analysis. The enormous number of monuments and their spatial distribution are here successfully explained using, for the first time in archaeology, the Neyman-Scott Cluster Process, hitherto designed for cosmology. Our study highlights the existence of a built funerary landscape with galaxy-like aggregations of monuments driven by multiple layers of societal behavior. We suggest that the distribution of monuments was controlled by a synthesis of opportunistic geological constraints and cultural superstructure, conditioned by the social memory of the Beja people who have inhabited the region for two thousand years and still cherish the ancient tombs as their own kin's.
format	article
author	Stefano Costanzo Filippo Brandolini Habab Idriss Ahmed Andrea Zerboni Andrea Manzo
author_facet	Stefano Costanzo Filippo Brandolini Habab Idriss Ahmed Andrea Zerboni Andrea Manzo
author_sort	Stefano Costanzo
title	Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
title_short	Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
title_full	Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
title_fullStr	Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
title_full_unstemmed	Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.
title_sort	creating the funerary landscape of eastern sudan.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa7d5731481a4b1580ee31f473cad966
work_keys_str_mv	AT stefanocostanzo creatingthefunerarylandscapeofeasternsudan AT filippobrandolini creatingthefunerarylandscapeofeasternsudan AT hababidrissahmed creatingthefunerarylandscapeofeasternsudan AT andreazerboni creatingthefunerarylandscapeofeasternsudan AT andreamanzo creatingthefunerarylandscapeofeasternsudan
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Creating the funerary landscape of Eastern Sudan.

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