Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.

Meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. The transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. However, some chromosomes of M. graminicola lack hom...

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Autores principales:	Alexander H J Wittenberg, Theo A J van der Lee, Sarrah Ben M'barek, Sarah B Ware, Stephen B Goodwin, Andrzej Kilian, Richard G F Visser, Gert H J Kema, Henk J Schouten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aa814fe8dadf4153995287125b89dc59
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aa814fe8dadf4153995287125b89dc592021-11-25T06:22:12ZMeiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0005863https://doaj.org/article/aa814fe8dadf4153995287125b89dc592009-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19516898/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. The transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. However, some chromosomes of M. graminicola lack homologs and do not pair during meiosis. Because these chromosomes are not present universally in the genome of the organism they can be considered to be dispensable. To analyze the meiotic transmission of unequal chromosome numbers, two segregating populations were generated by crossing genetically unrelated parent isolates originating from Algeria and The Netherlands that had pathogenicity towards durum or bread wheat, respectively. Detailed genetic analyses of these progenies using high-density mapping (1793 DArT, 258 AFLP and 25 SSR markers) and graphical genotyping revealed that M. graminicola has up to eight dispensable chromosomes, the highest number reported in filamentous fungi. These chromosomes vary from 0.39 to 0.77 Mb in size, and represent up to 38% of the chromosomal complement. Chromosome numbers among progeny isolates varied widely, with some progeny missing up to three chromosomes, while other strains were disomic for one or more chromosomes. Between 15-20% of the progeny isolates lacked one or more chromosomes that were present in both parents. The two high-density maps showed no recombination of dispensable chromosomes and hence, their meiotic processing may require distributive disjunction, a phenomenon that is rarely observed in fungi. The maps also enabled the identification of individual twin isolates from a single ascus that shared the same missing or doubled chromosomes indicating that the chromosomal polymorphisms were mitotically stable and originated from nondisjunction during the second division and, less frequently, during the first division of fungal meiosis. High genome plasticity could be among the strategies enabling this versatile pathogen to quickly overcome adverse biotic and abiotic conditions in wheat fields.Alexander H J WittenbergTheo A J van der LeeSarrah Ben M'barekSarah B WareStephen B GoodwinAndrzej KilianRichard G F VisserGert H J KemaHenk J SchoutenPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 6, p e5863 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexander H J Wittenberg Theo A J van der Lee Sarrah Ben M'barek Sarah B Ware Stephen B Goodwin Andrzej Kilian Richard G F Visser Gert H J Kema Henk J Schouten Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
description	Meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. The transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. However, some chromosomes of M. graminicola lack homologs and do not pair during meiosis. Because these chromosomes are not present universally in the genome of the organism they can be considered to be dispensable. To analyze the meiotic transmission of unequal chromosome numbers, two segregating populations were generated by crossing genetically unrelated parent isolates originating from Algeria and The Netherlands that had pathogenicity towards durum or bread wheat, respectively. Detailed genetic analyses of these progenies using high-density mapping (1793 DArT, 258 AFLP and 25 SSR markers) and graphical genotyping revealed that M. graminicola has up to eight dispensable chromosomes, the highest number reported in filamentous fungi. These chromosomes vary from 0.39 to 0.77 Mb in size, and represent up to 38% of the chromosomal complement. Chromosome numbers among progeny isolates varied widely, with some progeny missing up to three chromosomes, while other strains were disomic for one or more chromosomes. Between 15-20% of the progeny isolates lacked one or more chromosomes that were present in both parents. The two high-density maps showed no recombination of dispensable chromosomes and hence, their meiotic processing may require distributive disjunction, a phenomenon that is rarely observed in fungi. The maps also enabled the identification of individual twin isolates from a single ascus that shared the same missing or doubled chromosomes indicating that the chromosomal polymorphisms were mitotically stable and originated from nondisjunction during the second division and, less frequently, during the first division of fungal meiosis. High genome plasticity could be among the strategies enabling this versatile pathogen to quickly overcome adverse biotic and abiotic conditions in wheat fields.
format	article
author	Alexander H J Wittenberg Theo A J van der Lee Sarrah Ben M'barek Sarah B Ware Stephen B Goodwin Andrzej Kilian Richard G F Visser Gert H J Kema Henk J Schouten
author_facet	Alexander H J Wittenberg Theo A J van der Lee Sarrah Ben M'barek Sarah B Ware Stephen B Goodwin Andrzej Kilian Richard G F Visser Gert H J Kema Henk J Schouten
author_sort	Alexander H J Wittenberg
title	Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
title_short	Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
title_full	Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
title_fullStr	Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
title_full_unstemmed	Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.
title_sort	meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/aa814fe8dadf4153995287125b89dc59
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Meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola.

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