Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide

Abstract There are rich oil and gas resources in marine carbonate strata worldwide. Although most of the oil and gas reserves discovered so far are mainly distributed in Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and upper Paleozoic strata, oil and gas exploration in the Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic (PLP) strata—the oldest...

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Autores principales:	Xiao-Ping Liu, Zhi-Jun Jin, Guo-Ping Bai, Ming Guan, Jie Liu, Qing-Hua Pan, Ting Li, Yu-Jie Xing
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2017
Materias:	Giant oil and gas field Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic Marine carbonate rocks Petroleum geological conditions Oil and gas distribution Science Q Petrology QE420-499
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aaa80752339545f08e3de21e44d4c67a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aaa80752339545f08e3de21e44d4c67a2021-12-02T05:10:07ZFormation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide10.1007/s12182-017-0154-51672-51071995-8226https://doaj.org/article/aaa80752339545f08e3de21e44d4c67a2017-04-01T00:00:00Zhttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12182-017-0154-5https://doaj.org/toc/1672-5107https://doaj.org/toc/1995-8226Abstract There are rich oil and gas resources in marine carbonate strata worldwide. Although most of the oil and gas reserves discovered so far are mainly distributed in Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and upper Paleozoic strata, oil and gas exploration in the Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic (PLP) strata—the oldest marine strata—has been very limited. To more clearly understand the oil and gas formation conditions and distributions in the PLP marine carbonate strata, we analyzed and characterized the petroleum geological conditions, oil and gas reservoir types, and their distributions in thirteen giant oil and gas fields worldwide. This study reveals the main factors controlling their formation and distribution. Our analyses show that the source rocks for these giant oil and gas fields are mainly shale with a great abundance of type I–II organic matter and a high thermal evolution extent. The reservoirs are mainly gas reservoirs, and the reservoir rocks are dominated by dolomite. The reservoir types are mainly karst and reef–shoal bodies with well-developed dissolved pores and cavities, intercrystalline pores, and fractures. These reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The burial depth of the reservoirs is highly variable and somewhat negatively correlated to the porosity. The cap rocks are mainly thick evaporites and shales, with the thickness of the cap rocks positively correlated to the oil and gas reserves. The development of high-quality evaporite cap rock is highly favorable for oil and gas preservation. We identified four hydrocarbon generation models, and that the major source rocks have undergone a long period of burial and thermal evolution and are characterized by early and long periods of hydrocarbon generation. These giant oil and gas fields have diverse types of reservoirs and are mainly distributed in paleo-uplifts, slope zones, and platform margin reef-shoal bodies. The main factors that control their formation and distribution were identified, enabling the prediction of new favorable areas for oil and gas exploration.Xiao-Ping LiuZhi-Jun JinGuo-Ping BaiMing GuanJie LiuQing-Hua PanTing LiYu-Jie XingKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleGiant oil and gas fieldProterozoic and Lower PaleozoicMarine carbonate rocksPetroleum geological conditionsOil and gas distributionScienceQPetrologyQE420-499ENPetroleum Science, Vol 14, Iss 2, Pp 237-260 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Giant oil and gas field Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic Marine carbonate rocks Petroleum geological conditions Oil and gas distribution Science Q Petrology QE420-499
spellingShingle	Giant oil and gas field Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic Marine carbonate rocks Petroleum geological conditions Oil and gas distribution Science Q Petrology QE420-499 Xiao-Ping Liu Zhi-Jun Jin Guo-Ping Bai Ming Guan Jie Liu Qing-Hua Pan Ting Li Yu-Jie Xing Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
description	Abstract There are rich oil and gas resources in marine carbonate strata worldwide. Although most of the oil and gas reserves discovered so far are mainly distributed in Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and upper Paleozoic strata, oil and gas exploration in the Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic (PLP) strata—the oldest marine strata—has been very limited. To more clearly understand the oil and gas formation conditions and distributions in the PLP marine carbonate strata, we analyzed and characterized the petroleum geological conditions, oil and gas reservoir types, and their distributions in thirteen giant oil and gas fields worldwide. This study reveals the main factors controlling their formation and distribution. Our analyses show that the source rocks for these giant oil and gas fields are mainly shale with a great abundance of type I–II organic matter and a high thermal evolution extent. The reservoirs are mainly gas reservoirs, and the reservoir rocks are dominated by dolomite. The reservoir types are mainly karst and reef–shoal bodies with well-developed dissolved pores and cavities, intercrystalline pores, and fractures. These reservoirs are highly heterogeneous. The burial depth of the reservoirs is highly variable and somewhat negatively correlated to the porosity. The cap rocks are mainly thick evaporites and shales, with the thickness of the cap rocks positively correlated to the oil and gas reserves. The development of high-quality evaporite cap rock is highly favorable for oil and gas preservation. We identified four hydrocarbon generation models, and that the major source rocks have undergone a long period of burial and thermal evolution and are characterized by early and long periods of hydrocarbon generation. These giant oil and gas fields have diverse types of reservoirs and are mainly distributed in paleo-uplifts, slope zones, and platform margin reef-shoal bodies. The main factors that control their formation and distribution were identified, enabling the prediction of new favorable areas for oil and gas exploration.
format	article
author	Xiao-Ping Liu Zhi-Jun Jin Guo-Ping Bai Ming Guan Jie Liu Qing-Hua Pan Ting Li Yu-Jie Xing
author_facet	Xiao-Ping Liu Zhi-Jun Jin Guo-Ping Bai Ming Guan Jie Liu Qing-Hua Pan Ting Li Yu-Jie Xing
author_sort	Xiao-Ping Liu
title	Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
title_short	Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
title_full	Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
title_fullStr	Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
title_full_unstemmed	Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
title_sort	formation and distribution characteristics of proterozoic–lower paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/aaa80752339545f08e3de21e44d4c67a
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Formation and distribution characteristics of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic marine giant oil and gas fields worldwide

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