A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties
Objective: The purposes of this paper were to (a) develop a new short, theory-driven, version of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES-S) using content analysis; and (b) subsequently to measure the psychometric properties (construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:aab572b15d334358a4bfa7c2ed5753692021-11-11T16:11:15ZA Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties10.3390/ijerph1821110351660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/aab572b15d334358a4bfa7c2ed5753692021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11035https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Objective: The purposes of this paper were to (a) develop a new short, theory-driven, version of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES-S) using content analysis; and (b) subsequently to measure the psychometric properties (construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity) of the PACES-S for adolescents. Methods: Six experts used a four-point Likert scale to assess the content validity of each of the 16 items of the physical activity enjoyment scale according to a provided definition of physical activity enjoyment. Based on the results, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze survey data from a longitudinal study of 182 individuals (Measure 1 of Study 1: 15.75 ± 3.39 yrs; 56.6% boys, 43.4% girls), and confirmatory factor analysis (Measure 2 of Study 1: 15.69 ± 3.44 yrs; 56.3% boys, 43.7% girls) was used to analyze the survey data from a cross-sectional study of 3219 individuals (Study 2; 15.99 ± 3.10 yrs; 47.8% boys, 52.2% girls) to assess the construct validity of the new measure. To assess the reliability, test–retest reliability was assessed in Study 1 and internal consistency in Study 1 and 2. For the concurrent validity, correlations with self-reported and device-based physical activity behavior were assessed in both studies. Results: Four out of sixteen items were selected for PACES-S. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses identified and supported its factorial validity (χ<sup>2</sup> = 53.62, df = 2, <i>p</i> < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.073; CFI = 0.99; RFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.96; IFI = 0.99). Results showed good test–retest reliability (r = 0.76) and internal consistency (<i>a</i> = 0.82 to 0.88). Regarding concurrent validity, the results showed positive correlations with a physical activity questionnaire (Study 1: r = 0.36), with a physical activity diary (Study 1: r = 0.44), and with accelerometer-recorded data (Study 1: r = 0.32; Study 2: r = 0.21). Conclusions: The results indicate that PACES-S is a reliable and valid instrument that may be particularly useful to measure physical activity enjoyment in large-scale studies. It shows comparable measurement properties as the long version of PACES.Cheng ChenSusanne WeylandJulian FritschAlexander WollClaudia NiessnerAlexander BurchartzSteffen C. E. SchmidtDarko JekaucMDPI AGarticlecontent analysisPACESphysical activityreliabilityvalidityMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11035, p 11035 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
content analysis PACES physical activity reliability validity Medicine R |
| spellingShingle |
content analysis PACES physical activity reliability validity Medicine R Cheng Chen Susanne Weyland Julian Fritsch Alexander Woll Claudia Niessner Alexander Burchartz Steffen C. E. Schmidt Darko Jekauc A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| description |
Objective: The purposes of this paper were to (a) develop a new short, theory-driven, version of the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES-S) using content analysis; and (b) subsequently to measure the psychometric properties (construct validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity) of the PACES-S for adolescents. Methods: Six experts used a four-point Likert scale to assess the content validity of each of the 16 items of the physical activity enjoyment scale according to a provided definition of physical activity enjoyment. Based on the results, exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze survey data from a longitudinal study of 182 individuals (Measure 1 of Study 1: 15.75 ± 3.39 yrs; 56.6% boys, 43.4% girls), and confirmatory factor analysis (Measure 2 of Study 1: 15.69 ± 3.44 yrs; 56.3% boys, 43.7% girls) was used to analyze the survey data from a cross-sectional study of 3219 individuals (Study 2; 15.99 ± 3.10 yrs; 47.8% boys, 52.2% girls) to assess the construct validity of the new measure. To assess the reliability, test–retest reliability was assessed in Study 1 and internal consistency in Study 1 and 2. For the concurrent validity, correlations with self-reported and device-based physical activity behavior were assessed in both studies. Results: Four out of sixteen items were selected for PACES-S. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses identified and supported its factorial validity (χ<sup>2</sup> = 53.62, df = 2, <i>p</i> < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.073; CFI = 0.99; RFI = 0.96; NFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.96; IFI = 0.99). Results showed good test–retest reliability (r = 0.76) and internal consistency (<i>a</i> = 0.82 to 0.88). Regarding concurrent validity, the results showed positive correlations with a physical activity questionnaire (Study 1: r = 0.36), with a physical activity diary (Study 1: r = 0.44), and with accelerometer-recorded data (Study 1: r = 0.32; Study 2: r = 0.21). Conclusions: The results indicate that PACES-S is a reliable and valid instrument that may be particularly useful to measure physical activity enjoyment in large-scale studies. It shows comparable measurement properties as the long version of PACES. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Cheng Chen Susanne Weyland Julian Fritsch Alexander Woll Claudia Niessner Alexander Burchartz Steffen C. E. Schmidt Darko Jekauc |
| author_facet |
Cheng Chen Susanne Weyland Julian Fritsch Alexander Woll Claudia Niessner Alexander Burchartz Steffen C. E. Schmidt Darko Jekauc |
| author_sort |
Cheng Chen |
| title |
A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| title_short |
A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| title_full |
A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| title_fullStr |
A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Short Version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties |
| title_sort |
short version of the physical activity enjoyment scale: development and psychometric properties |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/aab572b15d334358a4bfa7c2ed575369 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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