Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.

Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tes...

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Autores principales:	Michael Zakharin, Timothy C Bates
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aab83a65f19e4c0e8928c6225c7af0bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aab83a65f19e4c0e8928c6225c7af0bc2021-12-02T20:13:33ZRemapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258910https://doaj.org/article/aab83a65f19e4c0e8928c6225c7af0bc2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258910https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tested previously theorised models, confirming none provide adequate fit. We then developed a well-fitting model of the MFQ. In this model, the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care foundations were preserved intact. The binding foundations, however, divided into five, rather than the original three foundations. Purity/sanctity split into independent foundations of purity and sanctity. Similarly, Ingroup/loyalty divided into independent factors of loyalty to clan and loyalty to country. Authority/respect was re-focussed on hierarchy, losing one item to the new sanctity foundation and another into loyalty to country. In addition to these 7 foundations, higher-level factors of binding and individualizing were supported, along with a general/acquiescence factor. Finally, a "moral tilt" factor corresponding to coordinated left-leaning vs. right-leaning moral patterns was supported. We validated the model in four additional studies, testing replication of the 7-foundation model in data including from US, Australia, and China (total N = 9,225). The model replicated with good fit found in all four samples. These findings demonstrate the first well-fitting replicable model of the MFQ. They also highlight the importance of modelling measurement structure, and reveal important additional foundations, and structure (binding, individualizing, tilt) above the foundations.Michael ZakharinTimothy C BatesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258910 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael Zakharin Timothy C Bates Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
description	Moral foundations theory posits five moral foundations, however 5-factor models provide poor fit to the data. Here, in five studies, each with large samples (total N = 11,496), we construct and replicate a well-fitting model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ). In study 1 (N = 2,271) we tested previously theorised models, confirming none provide adequate fit. We then developed a well-fitting model of the MFQ. In this model, the fairness/reciprocity and harm/care foundations were preserved intact. The binding foundations, however, divided into five, rather than the original three foundations. Purity/sanctity split into independent foundations of purity and sanctity. Similarly, Ingroup/loyalty divided into independent factors of loyalty to clan and loyalty to country. Authority/respect was re-focussed on hierarchy, losing one item to the new sanctity foundation and another into loyalty to country. In addition to these 7 foundations, higher-level factors of binding and individualizing were supported, along with a general/acquiescence factor. Finally, a "moral tilt" factor corresponding to coordinated left-leaning vs. right-leaning moral patterns was supported. We validated the model in four additional studies, testing replication of the 7-foundation model in data including from US, Australia, and China (total N = 9,225). The model replicated with good fit found in all four samples. These findings demonstrate the first well-fitting replicable model of the MFQ. They also highlight the importance of modelling measurement structure, and reveal important additional foundations, and structure (binding, individualizing, tilt) above the foundations.
format	article
author	Michael Zakharin Timothy C Bates
author_facet	Michael Zakharin Timothy C Bates
author_sort	Michael Zakharin
title	Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
title_short	Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
title_full	Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
title_fullStr	Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
title_full_unstemmed	Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.
title_sort	remapping the foundations of morality: well-fitting structural model of the moral foundations questionnaire.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aab83a65f19e4c0e8928c6225c7af0bc
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaelzakharin remappingthefoundationsofmoralitywellfittingstructuralmodelofthemoralfoundationsquestionnaire AT timothycbates remappingthefoundationsofmoralitywellfittingstructuralmodelofthemoralfoundationsquestionnaire
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Remapping the foundations of morality: Well-fitting structural model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire.

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