Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields

To investigate the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities in saline soils, soil samples with three increasing salinity levels (S1, S2 and S3) were collected from a maize field in Yanqi, Xinjiang Province, China. The results showed that the K<sup>+</sup>, Na<s...

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Autores principales:	Yaling Hou, Wenzhi Zeng, Menglu Hou, Zhao Wang, Ying Luo, Guoqing Lei, Bo Zhou, Jiesheng Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	soil salinization bacteria fungi soil microbial diversity soil microbial community composition Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aae0ce981d964772bcf719e4f9e7f5f3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aae0ce981d964772bcf719e4f9e7f5f32021-11-25T16:47:08ZResponses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields10.3390/biology101111142079-7737https://doaj.org/article/aae0ce981d964772bcf719e4f9e7f5f32021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1114https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737To investigate the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities in saline soils, soil samples with three increasing salinity levels (S1, S2 and S3) were collected from a maize field in Yanqi, Xinjiang Province, China. The results showed that the K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> values in the bulk soil were higher than those in the rhizosphere soil, with significant differences in S2 and S3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), invertase, urease and catalase (CAT) were lower in the bulk soil than those in the rhizosphere. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the soil microbial community structure exhibited significant differences between different salinized soils (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Data implied that the fungi were more susceptible to salinity stress than the bacteria based on the Shannon and Chao1 indexes. Mantel tests identified Ca<sup>2+</sup>, available phosphorus (AP), saturated electrical conductivity (EC<sub>e</sub>) and available kalium (AK) as the dominant environmental factors correlated with bacterial community structures (<i>p</i> < 0.001); and AP, urease, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and EC<sub>e</sub> as the dominant factors correlated with fungal community structures (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed positive correlations with the salinity gradient. Our findings regarding the bacteria having positive correlations with the level of salinization might be a useful biological indicator of microorganisms in saline soils.Yaling HouWenzhi ZengMenglu HouZhao WangYing LuoGuoqing LeiBo ZhouJiesheng HuangMDPI AGarticlesoil salinizationbacteriafungisoil microbial diversitysoil microbial community compositionBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiology, Vol 10, Iss 1114, p 1114 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	soil salinization bacteria fungi soil microbial diversity soil microbial community composition Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	soil salinization bacteria fungi soil microbial diversity soil microbial community composition Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Yaling Hou Wenzhi Zeng Menglu Hou Zhao Wang Ying Luo Guoqing Lei Bo Zhou Jiesheng Huang Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
description	To investigate the diversity and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities in saline soils, soil samples with three increasing salinity levels (S1, S2 and S3) were collected from a maize field in Yanqi, Xinjiang Province, China. The results showed that the K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> values in the bulk soil were higher than those in the rhizosphere soil, with significant differences in S2 and S3 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), invertase, urease and catalase (CAT) were lower in the bulk soil than those in the rhizosphere. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the soil microbial community structure exhibited significant differences between different salinized soils (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Data implied that the fungi were more susceptible to salinity stress than the bacteria based on the Shannon and Chao1 indexes. Mantel tests identified Ca<sup>2+</sup>, available phosphorus (AP), saturated electrical conductivity (EC<sub>e</sub>) and available kalium (AK) as the dominant environmental factors correlated with bacterial community structures (<i>p</i> < 0.001); and AP, urease, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and EC<sub>e</sub> as the dominant factors correlated with fungal community structures (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed positive correlations with the salinity gradient. Our findings regarding the bacteria having positive correlations with the level of salinization might be a useful biological indicator of microorganisms in saline soils.
format	article
author	Yaling Hou Wenzhi Zeng Menglu Hou Zhao Wang Ying Luo Guoqing Lei Bo Zhou Jiesheng Huang
author_facet	Yaling Hou Wenzhi Zeng Menglu Hou Zhao Wang Ying Luo Guoqing Lei Bo Zhou Jiesheng Huang
author_sort	Yaling Hou
title	Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
title_short	Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
title_full	Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
title_fullStr	Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
title_full_unstemmed	Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields
title_sort	responses of the soil microbial community to salinity stress in maize fields
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aae0ce981d964772bcf719e4f9e7f5f3
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Responses of the Soil Microbial Community to Salinity Stress in Maize Fields

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