New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era

Abstract In the last decades, several discoveries have uncovered the complexity of mammalian evolution during the Mesozoic Era, including important Gondwanan lineages: the australosphenidans, gondwanatherians, and meridiolestidans (Dryolestoidea). Most often, their presence and diversity is document...

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Autores principales:	Agustín G. Martinelli, Sergio Soto-Acuña, Francisco J. Goin, Jonatan Kaluza, J. Enrique Bostelmann, Pedro H. M. Fonseca, Marcelo A. Reguero, Marcelo Leppe, Alexander O. Vargas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aae9a781e8c84f8f96a004482d2c6b48
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aae9a781e8c84f8f96a004482d2c6b482021-12-02T14:37:07ZNew cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era10.1038/s41598-021-87245-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/aae9a781e8c84f8f96a004482d2c6b482021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87245-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In the last decades, several discoveries have uncovered the complexity of mammalian evolution during the Mesozoic Era, including important Gondwanan lineages: the australosphenidans, gondwanatherians, and meridiolestidans (Dryolestoidea). Most often, their presence and diversity is documented by isolated teeth and jaws. Here, we describe a new meridiolestidan mammal, Orretherium tzen gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of southern Chile, based on a partial jaw with five cheek teeth in locis and an isolated upper premolar. Phylogenetic analysis places Orretherium as the earliest divergence within Mesungulatidae, before other forms such as the Late Cretaceous Mesungulatum and Coloniatherium, and the early Paleocene Peligrotherium. The in loco tooth sequence (last two premolars and three molars) is the first recovered for a Cretaceous taxon in this family and suggests that reconstructed tooth sequences for other Mesozoic mesungulatids may include more than one species. Tooth eruption and replacement show that molar eruption in mesungulatids is heterochronically delayed with regard to basal dryolestoids, with therian-like simultaneous eruption of the last premolar and last molar. Meridiolestidans seem endemic to Patagonia, but given their diversity and abundance, and the similarity of vertebrate faunas in other regions of Gondwana, they may yet be discovered in other continents.Agustín G. MartinelliSergio Soto-AcuñaFrancisco J. GoinJonatan KaluzaJ. Enrique BostelmannPedro H. M. FonsecaMarcelo A. RegueroMarcelo LeppeAlexander O. VargasNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Agustín G. Martinelli Sergio Soto-Acuña Francisco J. Goin Jonatan Kaluza J. Enrique Bostelmann Pedro H. M. Fonseca Marcelo A. Reguero Marcelo Leppe Alexander O. Vargas New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
description	Abstract In the last decades, several discoveries have uncovered the complexity of mammalian evolution during the Mesozoic Era, including important Gondwanan lineages: the australosphenidans, gondwanatherians, and meridiolestidans (Dryolestoidea). Most often, their presence and diversity is documented by isolated teeth and jaws. Here, we describe a new meridiolestidan mammal, Orretherium tzen gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of southern Chile, based on a partial jaw with five cheek teeth in locis and an isolated upper premolar. Phylogenetic analysis places Orretherium as the earliest divergence within Mesungulatidae, before other forms such as the Late Cretaceous Mesungulatum and Coloniatherium, and the early Paleocene Peligrotherium. The in loco tooth sequence (last two premolars and three molars) is the first recovered for a Cretaceous taxon in this family and suggests that reconstructed tooth sequences for other Mesozoic mesungulatids may include more than one species. Tooth eruption and replacement show that molar eruption in mesungulatids is heterochronically delayed with regard to basal dryolestoids, with therian-like simultaneous eruption of the last premolar and last molar. Meridiolestidans seem endemic to Patagonia, but given their diversity and abundance, and the similarity of vertebrate faunas in other regions of Gondwana, they may yet be discovered in other continents.
format	article
author	Agustín G. Martinelli Sergio Soto-Acuña Francisco J. Goin Jonatan Kaluza J. Enrique Bostelmann Pedro H. M. Fonseca Marcelo A. Reguero Marcelo Leppe Alexander O. Vargas
author_facet	Agustín G. Martinelli Sergio Soto-Acuña Francisco J. Goin Jonatan Kaluza J. Enrique Bostelmann Pedro H. M. Fonseca Marcelo A. Reguero Marcelo Leppe Alexander O. Vargas
author_sort	Agustín G. Martinelli
title	New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
title_short	New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
title_full	New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
title_fullStr	New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
title_full_unstemmed	New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era
title_sort	new cladotherian mammal from southern chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the mesozoic era
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aae9a781e8c84f8f96a004482d2c6b48
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New cladotherian mammal from southern Chile and the evolution of mesungulatid meridiolestidans at the dusk of the Mesozoic era

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