Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis

Tak S Ching1, Patricia Connolly21Asia University, Taiwan; 2Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UKAbstract: This study investigated the possibility of simultaneously extracting glucose and lactate from human subjects, at the same skin location, using transdermal reverse...

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Autores principales:	Tak S Ching, Patricia Connolly
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2008
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab230befcbfb49b8b614cf3640513b37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab230befcbfb49b8b614cf3640513b372021-12-02T02:42:28ZSimultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/ab230befcbfb49b8b614cf3640513b372008-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/simultaneous-transdermal-extraction-of-glucose-and-lactate-from-human--a1840https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Tak S Ching1, Patricia Connolly21Asia University, Taiwan; 2Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UKAbstract: This study investigated the possibility of simultaneously extracting glucose and lactate from human subjects, at the same skin location, using transdermal reverse iontophoresis. Transdermal monitoring using iontophoresis is made possible by the skin&rsquo;s permeability to small molecules and the nanoporous and microporous nature of the structure of skin. The study was intended to provide information which could be used to develop a full, biosensor-based, monitoring system for multiple parameters from transdermal extraction. As a precursor to the human study, in vitro reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed in an artificial skin system to establish the optimum current waveforms to be applied during iontophoresis. In the human study, a bipolar DC current waveform (with reversal of the electrode current direction every 15 minutes) was applied to ten healthy volunteers via skin electrodes and utilized for simultaneous glucose and lactate transdermal extraction at an applied current density of 300 &micro;A/cm2. Glucose and lactate were successfully extracted through each subject&rsquo;s skin into the conducting gel that formed part of each iontophoresis electrode. The results suggest that it will be possible to noninvasively and simultaneously monitor glucose and lactate levels in patients using this approach and this could have future applications in diagnostic monitoring for a variety of medical conditions.Keywords: transdermal, iontophoresis, glucose, lactate, diagnostic monitoring Tak S ChingPatricia ConnollyDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2008, Iss Issue 2, Pp 211-223 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Tak S Ching Patricia Connolly Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
description	Tak S Ching1, Patricia Connolly21Asia University, Taiwan; 2Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UKAbstract: This study investigated the possibility of simultaneously extracting glucose and lactate from human subjects, at the same skin location, using transdermal reverse iontophoresis. Transdermal monitoring using iontophoresis is made possible by the skin&rsquo;s permeability to small molecules and the nanoporous and microporous nature of the structure of skin. The study was intended to provide information which could be used to develop a full, biosensor-based, monitoring system for multiple parameters from transdermal extraction. As a precursor to the human study, in vitro reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed in an artificial skin system to establish the optimum current waveforms to be applied during iontophoresis. In the human study, a bipolar DC current waveform (with reversal of the electrode current direction every 15 minutes) was applied to ten healthy volunteers via skin electrodes and utilized for simultaneous glucose and lactate transdermal extraction at an applied current density of 300 &micro;A/cm2. Glucose and lactate were successfully extracted through each subject&rsquo;s skin into the conducting gel that formed part of each iontophoresis electrode. The results suggest that it will be possible to noninvasively and simultaneously monitor glucose and lactate levels in patients using this approach and this could have future applications in diagnostic monitoring for a variety of medical conditions.Keywords: transdermal, iontophoresis, glucose, lactate, diagnostic monitoring
format	article
author	Tak S Ching Patricia Connolly
author_facet	Tak S Ching Patricia Connolly
author_sort	Tak S Ching
title	Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
title_short	Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
title_full	Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
title_fullStr	Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
title_full_unstemmed	Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
title_sort	simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab230befcbfb49b8b614cf3640513b37
work_keys_str_mv	AT taksching simultaneoustransdermalextractionofglucoseandlactatefromhumansubjectsbyreverseiontophoresis AT patriciaconnolly simultaneoustransdermalextractionofglucoseandlactatefromhumansubjectsbyreverseiontophoresis
_version_	1718402244000350208

Simultaneous transdermal extraction of glucose and lactate from human subjects by reverse iontophoresis

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