Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel

Abstract We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate t...

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Autores principales:	Danny Rosenberg, Tatjana M. Gluhak, Daniel Kaufman, Reuven Yeshurun, Mina Weinstein-Evron
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab2df3b198334d4dad593b63d7129b72
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab2df3b198334d4dad593b63d7129b722021-12-02T14:41:56ZExploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel10.1038/s41598-021-88484-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ab2df3b198334d4dad593b63d7129b722021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88484-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. This area is located at a considerable distance from EWT, ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.Danny RosenbergTatjana M. GluhakDaniel KaufmanReuven YeshurunMina Weinstein-EvronNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Danny Rosenberg Tatjana M. Gluhak Daniel Kaufman Reuven Yeshurun Mina Weinstein-Evron Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
description	Abstract We present the results of a detailed geochemical provenance study of 54 Natufian (ca. 15,000–11,700 cal. BP) basalt pestles from the site of el-Wad Terrace (EWT), Israel. It is the first time precise locations from where basalt raw materials were derived are provided. The results indicate that the Natufian hunter-gatherers used multiple sources of basaltic rocks, distributed over a large area surrounding the Sea of Galilee. This area is located at a considerable distance from EWT, ca. 60–120 km away, in a region where contemporaneous Natufian basecamps are few. We consider two possible models that suggest vehicles for the transportation of these artifacts to EWT, namely the exchange obtaining model (EOM) and the direct procurement model (DPM). We argue that these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have operated together. We also suggest that at a time of increasing Natufian territoriality, a large area around the Sea of Galilee remained unclaimed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for the two models. In particular, we note that the DPM implies that technological know-how for pestle production was maintained within the EWT community.
format	article
author	Danny Rosenberg Tatjana M. Gluhak Daniel Kaufman Reuven Yeshurun Mina Weinstein-Evron
author_facet	Danny Rosenberg Tatjana M. Gluhak Daniel Kaufman Reuven Yeshurun Mina Weinstein-Evron
author_sort	Danny Rosenberg
title	Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
title_short	Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
title_full	Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
title_fullStr	Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel
title_sort	exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for natufian food processing tools of el-wad terrace, israel
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab2df3b198334d4dad593b63d7129b72
work_keys_str_mv	AT dannyrosenberg exploringexchangeanddirectprocurementstrategiesfornatufianfoodprocessingtoolsofelwadterraceisrael AT tatjanamgluhak exploringexchangeanddirectprocurementstrategiesfornatufianfoodprocessingtoolsofelwadterraceisrael AT danielkaufman exploringexchangeanddirectprocurementstrategiesfornatufianfoodprocessingtoolsofelwadterraceisrael AT reuvenyeshurun exploringexchangeanddirectprocurementstrategiesfornatufianfoodprocessingtoolsofelwadterraceisrael AT minaweinsteinevron exploringexchangeanddirectprocurementstrategiesfornatufianfoodprocessingtoolsofelwadterraceisrael
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Exploring exchange and direct procurement strategies for Natufian food processing tools of el-Wad Terrace, Israel

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