Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Environmental enrichment (EE) exerts powerful effects on brain physiology, and is widely used as an experimental and therapeutic tool. Typical EE paradigms are multifactorial, incorporating elements of physical exercise, environmental complexity, social interactions and stress, however the specific...

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Autores principales:	Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire, David Bonenfant, Adalie Le Nguyen, Anne Aumont, Karl J L Fernandes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab342410cf1849ada7e82bda161cb1bb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab342410cf1849ada7e82bda161cb1bb2021-11-18T08:36:10ZUntangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0086237https://doaj.org/article/ab342410cf1849ada7e82bda161cb1bb2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465980/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Environmental enrichment (EE) exerts powerful effects on brain physiology, and is widely used as an experimental and therapeutic tool. Typical EE paradigms are multifactorial, incorporating elements of physical exercise, environmental complexity, social interactions and stress, however the specific contributions of these variables have not been separable using conventional housing paradigms. Here, we evaluated the impacts of these individual variables on adult hippocampal neurogenesis by using a novel "Alternating EE" paradigm. For 4 weeks, adult male CD1 mice were alternated daily between two enriched environments; by comparing groups that differed in one of their two environments, the individual and combinatorial effects of EE variables could be resolved. The Alternating EE paradigm revealed that (1) voluntary running for 3 days/week was sufficient to increase both mitotic and post-mitotic stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, confirming the central importance of exercise; (2) a complex environment (comprised of both social interactions and rotated inanimate objects) had no effect on neurogenesis itself, but enhanced depolarization-induced c-Fos expression (attributable to social interactions) and buffered stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels (attributable to inanimate objects); and (3) neither social isolation, group housing, nor chronically increased levels of plasma corticosterone had a prolonged impact on neurogenesis. Mouse strain, handling and type of running apparatus were tested and excluded as potential confounding factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the relative effects of key EE variables on adult neurogenesis, and this "Alternating EE" paradigm represents a useful tool for exploring the contributions of individual EE variables to mechanisms of neural plasticity.Catherine-Alexandra GrégoireDavid BonenfantAdalie Le NguyenAnne AumontKarl J L FernandesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e86237 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire David Bonenfant Adalie Le Nguyen Anne Aumont Karl J L Fernandes Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
description	Environmental enrichment (EE) exerts powerful effects on brain physiology, and is widely used as an experimental and therapeutic tool. Typical EE paradigms are multifactorial, incorporating elements of physical exercise, environmental complexity, social interactions and stress, however the specific contributions of these variables have not been separable using conventional housing paradigms. Here, we evaluated the impacts of these individual variables on adult hippocampal neurogenesis by using a novel "Alternating EE" paradigm. For 4 weeks, adult male CD1 mice were alternated daily between two enriched environments; by comparing groups that differed in one of their two environments, the individual and combinatorial effects of EE variables could be resolved. The Alternating EE paradigm revealed that (1) voluntary running for 3 days/week was sufficient to increase both mitotic and post-mitotic stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, confirming the central importance of exercise; (2) a complex environment (comprised of both social interactions and rotated inanimate objects) had no effect on neurogenesis itself, but enhanced depolarization-induced c-Fos expression (attributable to social interactions) and buffered stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels (attributable to inanimate objects); and (3) neither social isolation, group housing, nor chronically increased levels of plasma corticosterone had a prolonged impact on neurogenesis. Mouse strain, handling and type of running apparatus were tested and excluded as potential confounding factors. These findings provide valuable insights into the relative effects of key EE variables on adult neurogenesis, and this "Alternating EE" paradigm represents a useful tool for exploring the contributions of individual EE variables to mechanisms of neural plasticity.
format	article
author	Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire David Bonenfant Adalie Le Nguyen Anne Aumont Karl J L Fernandes
author_facet	Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire David Bonenfant Adalie Le Nguyen Anne Aumont Karl J L Fernandes
author_sort	Catherine-Alexandra Grégoire
title	Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
title_short	Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
title_full	Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
title_fullStr	Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
title_full_unstemmed	Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
title_sort	untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab342410cf1849ada7e82bda161cb1bb
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Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

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