The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes

The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes

The avian malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (genetic lineage pGRW4) is known to cause severe pathology in nonadapted vertebrate hosts. This parasite is prevalent in some bird species in Northern Europe, however the records obtained are only from adult long-distance migrant bird...

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Autores principales: Elena Platonova, Vaidas Palinauskas
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
avian malaria
<i>Plasmodium relictum</i>
pGRW4
transmission
sporogony
<i>Culex pipiens</i>
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:ab35e8d28ea14d4cb597a02350ca7dd12021-11-25T18:24:29ZThe Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes10.3390/microorganisms91122402076-2607https://doaj.org/article/ab35e8d28ea14d4cb597a02350ca7dd12021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2240https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607The avian malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (genetic lineage pGRW4) is known to cause severe pathology in nonadapted vertebrate hosts. This parasite is prevalent in some bird species in Northern Europe, however the records obtained are only from adult long-distance migrant birds after their return from the wintering grounds. A recent experimental study showed that this parasite completes sporogonic development in the local European vector <i>Culex pipiens</i> at a controlled mean temperature of 19 °C. Thereby, temperature limits for the transmission of this parasite in Northern Europe remain unknown. In this study, we took a step further and tested the impact of different temperature conditions, including some extreme fluctuations between 23 °C down to 7 °C, on the sporogonic development of <i>P. relictum</i> (pGRW4) in the vector <i>Culex pipiens</i> form <i>molestus</i>. Mosquitoes were exposed to infection and kept under different air-temperature conditions: (i) constant warm temperature, (ii) natural outdoor temperatures and (iii) temporary exposure to low temperatures. <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (pGRW4) completed sporogony in mosquitoes of all experimental groups, however different patterns of the sporogonic development depending on temperature conditions were observed. Based on these results, we conclude that the cool air temperature of Northern Europe in summer is not a limiting factor in successful development of the parasite. However, delayed sporogony caused by low summer temperatures may have a detrimental impact on the active transmission of this parasite in Northern Europe.Elena PlatonovaVaidas PalinauskasMDPI AGarticleavian malaria<i>Plasmodium relictum</i>pGRW4transmissionsporogony<i>Culex pipiens</i>Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2240, p 2240 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic avian malaria
<i>Plasmodium relictum</i>
pGRW4
transmission
sporogony
<i>Culex pipiens</i>
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
spellingShingle avian malaria
<i>Plasmodium relictum</i>
pGRW4
transmission
sporogony
<i>Culex pipiens</i>
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Elena Platonova
Vaidas Palinauskas
The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
description The avian malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (genetic lineage pGRW4) is known to cause severe pathology in nonadapted vertebrate hosts. This parasite is prevalent in some bird species in Northern Europe, however the records obtained are only from adult long-distance migrant birds after their return from the wintering grounds. A recent experimental study showed that this parasite completes sporogonic development in the local European vector <i>Culex pipiens</i> at a controlled mean temperature of 19 °C. Thereby, temperature limits for the transmission of this parasite in Northern Europe remain unknown. In this study, we took a step further and tested the impact of different temperature conditions, including some extreme fluctuations between 23 °C down to 7 °C, on the sporogonic development of <i>P. relictum</i> (pGRW4) in the vector <i>Culex pipiens</i> form <i>molestus</i>. Mosquitoes were exposed to infection and kept under different air-temperature conditions: (i) constant warm temperature, (ii) natural outdoor temperatures and (iii) temporary exposure to low temperatures. <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (pGRW4) completed sporogony in mosquitoes of all experimental groups, however different patterns of the sporogonic development depending on temperature conditions were observed. Based on these results, we conclude that the cool air temperature of Northern Europe in summer is not a limiting factor in successful development of the parasite. However, delayed sporogony caused by low summer temperatures may have a detrimental impact on the active transmission of this parasite in Northern Europe.
format article
author Elena Platonova
Vaidas Palinauskas
author_facet Elena Platonova
Vaidas Palinauskas
author_sort Elena Platonova
title The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
title_short The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
title_full The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
title_fullStr The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Temperature on the Sporogonic Development of the Tropical Avian Malaria Parasite <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> (Genetic Lineage pGRW4) in <i>Culex pipiens</i> Form <i>molestus</i> Mosquitoes
title_sort impact of temperature on the sporogonic development of the tropical avian malaria parasite <i>plasmodium relictum</i> (genetic lineage pgrw4) in <i>culex pipiens</i> form <i>molestus</i> mosquitoes
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/ab35e8d28ea14d4cb597a02350ca7dd1
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