A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada

Liam Walsh,1 Sheng Chiong Hong,1 Renoh Johnson Chalakkal,2,3 Kelechi C Ogbuehi4 1Department of Ophthalmology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 2Research and Development, oDocs Eye Care, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckl...

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Autores principales:	Walsh L, Hong SC, Chalakkal RJ, Ogbuehi KC
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	teleophthalmology telemedicine videoconferencing triaging age related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy Ophthalmology RE1-994
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab3daaa9169040b6be7b69a27c05be2d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab3daaa9169040b6be7b69a27c05be2d2021-12-02T19:18:50ZA Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada1177-5483https://doaj.org/article/ab3daaa9169040b6be7b69a27c05be2d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/a-systematic-review-of-current-teleophthalmology-services-in-new-zeala-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTHhttps://doaj.org/toc/1177-5483Liam Walsh,1 Sheng Chiong Hong,1 Renoh Johnson Chalakkal,2,3 Kelechi C Ogbuehi4 1Department of Ophthalmology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 2Research and Development, oDocs Eye Care, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 4Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New ZealandCorrespondence: Renoh Johnson Chalakkal Email renohcj@odocs-tech.comBackground: Over 700,000 New Zealanders (NZ), particularly elderly and M&amacr;ori, live without timely access to specialist ophthalmology services. Teleophthalmology is a widely recognised tool that can assist in overcoming resource and distance barriers. Teleophthalmology gained unprecedented traction in NZ during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown. However, its provision is still limited and there are equity issues. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review identifying, describing and contrasting teleophthalmology services in NZ with the comparable countries of Australia, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom.Methods: The electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google were systemically searched using the keywords: telemedicine, ophthalmology, tele-ophthalmology/teleophthalmology. The searches were filtered to the countries above, with no time constraints. An integrative approach was used to synthesise findings.Results: One hundred and thirty-two studies were identified describing 90 discrete teleophthalmology services. Articles spanned from 1997 to 2020. Models were categorised into general eye care (n=21; 16%); emergency/trauma (n=6; 4.5%); school screening (n=25; 19%); artificial intelligence (AI) (n=23; 18%); and disease-specific models of care (MOC) (n=57; 43%). The most common diseases addressed were diabetic retinopathy (n=23; 17%); retinopathy of prematurity (n=9; 7%); and glaucoma (n=8; 6%). Programs were mainly centred in the US (n=72; 54.5%), followed by the UK (n=29; 22%), then Canada (n=16; 12%), Australia (n=13; 10%), with the fewest identified in NZ (n=3; 2%). Models generally involved an ophthalmologist consultative service, remote supervision and triaging. Most models involved local clinicians transmitting fed-forward or live images.Conclusion: Teleophthalmology will likely play a crucial role in the future of eye care. COVID-19 has offered a unique opportunity to observe the use of teleophthalmology services globally. Feed-forward and, increasingly, live-based teleophthalmology services have demonstrated feasibility and cost-effectiveness in similar countries internationally. New Zealand’s teleophthalmology services, however, are currently limited. Investing in strategic partnerships and technology at a national level can advance health equities in ophthalmic care.Keywords: teleophthalmology, telemedicine, videoconferencing, triaging, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathyWalsh LHong SCChalakkal RJOgbuehi KCDove Medical Pressarticleteleophthalmologytelemedicinevideoconferencingtriagingage related macular degenerationdiabetic retinopathyOphthalmologyRE1-994ENClinical Ophthalmology, Vol Volume 15, Pp 4015-4027 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	teleophthalmology telemedicine videoconferencing triaging age related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy Ophthalmology RE1-994
spellingShingle	teleophthalmology telemedicine videoconferencing triaging age related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy Ophthalmology RE1-994 Walsh L Hong SC Chalakkal RJ Ogbuehi KC A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
description	Liam Walsh,1 Sheng Chiong Hong,1 Renoh Johnson Chalakkal,2,3 Kelechi C Ogbuehi4 1Department of Ophthalmology, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 2Research and Development, oDocs Eye Care, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand; 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 4Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New ZealandCorrespondence: Renoh Johnson Chalakkal Email renohcj@odocs-tech.comBackground: Over 700,000 New Zealanders (NZ), particularly elderly and M&amacr;ori, live without timely access to specialist ophthalmology services. Teleophthalmology is a widely recognised tool that can assist in overcoming resource and distance barriers. Teleophthalmology gained unprecedented traction in NZ during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown. However, its provision is still limited and there are equity issues. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review identifying, describing and contrasting teleophthalmology services in NZ with the comparable countries of Australia, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom.Methods: The electronic databases Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google were systemically searched using the keywords: telemedicine, ophthalmology, tele-ophthalmology/teleophthalmology. The searches were filtered to the countries above, with no time constraints. An integrative approach was used to synthesise findings.Results: One hundred and thirty-two studies were identified describing 90 discrete teleophthalmology services. Articles spanned from 1997 to 2020. Models were categorised into general eye care (n=21; 16%); emergency/trauma (n=6; 4.5%); school screening (n=25; 19%); artificial intelligence (AI) (n=23; 18%); and disease-specific models of care (MOC) (n=57; 43%). The most common diseases addressed were diabetic retinopathy (n=23; 17%); retinopathy of prematurity (n=9; 7%); and glaucoma (n=8; 6%). Programs were mainly centred in the US (n=72; 54.5%), followed by the UK (n=29; 22%), then Canada (n=16; 12%), Australia (n=13; 10%), with the fewest identified in NZ (n=3; 2%). Models generally involved an ophthalmologist consultative service, remote supervision and triaging. Most models involved local clinicians transmitting fed-forward or live images.Conclusion: Teleophthalmology will likely play a crucial role in the future of eye care. COVID-19 has offered a unique opportunity to observe the use of teleophthalmology services globally. Feed-forward and, increasingly, live-based teleophthalmology services have demonstrated feasibility and cost-effectiveness in similar countries internationally. New Zealand’s teleophthalmology services, however, are currently limited. Investing in strategic partnerships and technology at a national level can advance health equities in ophthalmic care.Keywords: teleophthalmology, telemedicine, videoconferencing, triaging, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy
format	article
author	Walsh L Hong SC Chalakkal RJ Ogbuehi KC
author_facet	Walsh L Hong SC Chalakkal RJ Ogbuehi KC
author_sort	Walsh L
title	A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
title_short	A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
title_full	A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
title_fullStr	A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
title_full_unstemmed	A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada
title_sort	systematic review of current teleophthalmology services in new zealand compared to the four comparable countries of the united kingdom, australia, united states of america (usa) and canada
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab3daaa9169040b6be7b69a27c05be2d
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A Systematic Review of Current Teleophthalmology Services in New Zealand Compared to the Four Comparable Countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, United States of America (USA) and Canada

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