North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016

Abstract Wildfires are a major disturbance to forest carbon (C) balance through both immediate combustion emissions and post-fire ecosystem dynamics. Here we used a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to simulate C budget in Alaska and Canada during 1986–2016,...

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Autores principales:	Bailu Zhao, Qianlai Zhuang, Narasinha Shurpali, Kajar Köster, Frank Berninger, Jukka Pumpanen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab3e5226bef94ab09a223d270321a2e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab3e5226bef94ab09a223d270321a2e62021-12-02T14:15:53ZNorth American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 201610.1038/s41598-021-87343-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ab3e5226bef94ab09a223d270321a2e62021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87343-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Wildfires are a major disturbance to forest carbon (C) balance through both immediate combustion emissions and post-fire ecosystem dynamics. Here we used a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to simulate C budget in Alaska and Canada during 1986–2016, as impacted by fire disturbances. We extracted the data of difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) for fires from Landsat TM/ETM imagery and estimated the proportion of vegetation and soil C combustion. We observed that the region was a C source of 2.74 Pg C during the 31-year period. The observed C loss, 57.1 Tg C year−1, was attributed to fire emissions, overwhelming the net ecosystem production (1.9 Tg C year−1) in the region. Our simulated direct emissions for Alaska and Canada are within the range of field measurements and other model estimates. As burn severity increased, combustion emission tended to switch from vegetation origin towards soil origin. When dNBR is below 300, fires increase soil temperature and decrease soil moisture and thus, enhance soil respiration. However, the post-fire soil respiration decreases for moderate or high burn severity. The proportion of post-fire soil emission in total emissions increased with burn severity. Net nitrogen mineralization gradually recovered after fire, enhancing net primary production. Net ecosystem production recovered fast under higher burn severities. The impact of fire disturbance on the C balance of northern ecosystems and the associated uncertainties can be better characterized with long-term, prior-, during- and post-disturbance data across the geospatial spectrum. Our findings suggest that the regional source of carbon to the atmosphere will persist if the observed forest wildfire occurrence and severity continues into the future.Bailu ZhaoQianlai ZhuangNarasinha ShurpaliKajar KösterFrank BerningerJukka PumpanenNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bailu Zhao Qianlai Zhuang Narasinha Shurpali Kajar Köster Frank Berninger Jukka Pumpanen North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
description	Abstract Wildfires are a major disturbance to forest carbon (C) balance through both immediate combustion emissions and post-fire ecosystem dynamics. Here we used a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to simulate C budget in Alaska and Canada during 1986–2016, as impacted by fire disturbances. We extracted the data of difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) for fires from Landsat TM/ETM imagery and estimated the proportion of vegetation and soil C combustion. We observed that the region was a C source of 2.74 Pg C during the 31-year period. The observed C loss, 57.1 Tg C year−1, was attributed to fire emissions, overwhelming the net ecosystem production (1.9 Tg C year−1) in the region. Our simulated direct emissions for Alaska and Canada are within the range of field measurements and other model estimates. As burn severity increased, combustion emission tended to switch from vegetation origin towards soil origin. When dNBR is below 300, fires increase soil temperature and decrease soil moisture and thus, enhance soil respiration. However, the post-fire soil respiration decreases for moderate or high burn severity. The proportion of post-fire soil emission in total emissions increased with burn severity. Net nitrogen mineralization gradually recovered after fire, enhancing net primary production. Net ecosystem production recovered fast under higher burn severities. The impact of fire disturbance on the C balance of northern ecosystems and the associated uncertainties can be better characterized with long-term, prior-, during- and post-disturbance data across the geospatial spectrum. Our findings suggest that the regional source of carbon to the atmosphere will persist if the observed forest wildfire occurrence and severity continues into the future.
format	article
author	Bailu Zhao Qianlai Zhuang Narasinha Shurpali Kajar Köster Frank Berninger Jukka Pumpanen
author_facet	Bailu Zhao Qianlai Zhuang Narasinha Shurpali Kajar Köster Frank Berninger Jukka Pumpanen
author_sort	Bailu Zhao
title	North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
title_short	North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
title_full	North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
title_fullStr	North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
title_full_unstemmed	North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
title_sort	north american boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab3e5226bef94ab09a223d270321a2e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT bailuzhao northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016 AT qianlaizhuang northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016 AT narasinhashurpali northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016 AT kajarkoster northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016 AT frankberninger northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016 AT jukkapumpanen northamericanborealforestsarealargecarbonsourceduetowildfiresfrom1986to2016
_version_	1718391743724912640

North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016

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