Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections

Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections leading to deleterious consequences in the pathological progression of infectious diseases. Nucleotide-binding oligom...

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Autores principales:	Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale, Szu-Ting Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	NLRP12 cell death inflammasome IFN-I caspase 1 NF-κB Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab461deede364e619ef52c8d3700a42a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab461deede364e619ef52c8d3700a42a2021-11-11T16:52:26ZNod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections10.3390/ijms2221113981422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/ab461deede364e619ef52c8d3700a42a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11398https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections leading to deleterious consequences in the pathological progression of infectious diseases. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-Leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing receptors (NLRs), also called nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are major cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their involvement in the orchestration of innate immunity and host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, often results in the cleavage of gasdermin and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, should be tightly regulated. NLRs are functionally diverse and tissue-specific PRRs expressed by both immune and non-immune cells. Beyond the inflammasome activation, NLRs are also involved in NF-κB and MAPK activation signaling, the regulation of type I IFN (IFN-I) production and the inflammatory cell death during microbial infections. Recent advancements of NLRs biology revealed its possible interplay with pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory mediators, such as caspase 1, caspase 11, IFN-I and GSDMD. This review provides the most updated information that caspase 8 skews the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PANoptosis during pathogen infection. We also update multidimensional roles of NLRP12 in regulating innate immunity in a content-dependent manner: novel interference of NLRP12 on TLRs and NOD derived-signaling cascade, and the recently unveiled regulatory property of NLRP12 in production of type I IFN. Future prospects of exploring NLRs in controlling cell death during parasitic and microbial infection were highlighted.Abdulkareem Olarewaju BabamaleSzu-Ting ChenMDPI AGarticleNLRP12cell deathinflammasomeIFN-Icaspase 1NF-κBBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11398, p 11398 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	NLRP12 cell death inflammasome IFN-I caspase 1 NF-κB Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	NLRP12 cell death inflammasome IFN-I caspase 1 NF-κB Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Szu-Ting Chen Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
description	Cell death is an essential immunological apparatus of host defense, but dysregulation of mutually inclusive cell deaths poses severe threats during microbial and parasitic infections leading to deleterious consequences in the pathological progression of infectious diseases. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-Leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing receptors (NLRs), also called nucleotide-binding oligomerization (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), are major cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), their involvement in the orchestration of innate immunity and host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, often results in the cleavage of gasdermin and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, should be tightly regulated. NLRs are functionally diverse and tissue-specific PRRs expressed by both immune and non-immune cells. Beyond the inflammasome activation, NLRs are also involved in NF-κB and MAPK activation signaling, the regulation of type I IFN (IFN-I) production and the inflammatory cell death during microbial infections. Recent advancements of NLRs biology revealed its possible interplay with pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory mediators, such as caspase 1, caspase 11, IFN-I and GSDMD. This review provides the most updated information that caspase 8 skews the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PANoptosis during pathogen infection. We also update multidimensional roles of NLRP12 in regulating innate immunity in a content-dependent manner: novel interference of NLRP12 on TLRs and NOD derived-signaling cascade, and the recently unveiled regulatory property of NLRP12 in production of type I IFN. Future prospects of exploring NLRs in controlling cell death during parasitic and microbial infection were highlighted.
format	article
author	Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Szu-Ting Chen
author_facet	Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Szu-Ting Chen
author_sort	Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale
title	Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
title_short	Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
title_full	Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
title_fullStr	Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
title_full_unstemmed	Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections
title_sort	nod-like receptors: critical intracellular sensors for host protection and cell death in microbial and parasitic infections
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab461deede364e619ef52c8d3700a42a
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdulkareemolarewajubabamale nodlikereceptorscriticalintracellularsensorsforhostprotectionandcelldeathinmicrobialandparasiticinfections AT szutingchen nodlikereceptorscriticalintracellularsensorsforhostprotectionandcelldeathinmicrobialandparasiticinfections
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Nod-like Receptors: Critical Intracellular Sensors for Host Protection and Cell Death in Microbial and Parasitic Infections

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