Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses

Chemosensory disorders, primarily olfactory, have diagnostic significance for prevalent human illnesses, but the multitude of smells makes measuring function appear daunting. The olfactory system operates under dynamic natural sensing conditions in which many individual odor chemicals are waxing and...

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Autores principales:	Marion E. Frank, Thomas P. Hettinger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2018
Materias:	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab5741f8cb2e41e2a28a84bb1c909f78
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab5741f8cb2e41e2a28a84bb1c909f782021-12-02T10:50:34ZTracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses2095-881110.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.007https://doaj.org/article/ab5741f8cb2e41e2a28a84bb1c909f782018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095881118300192https://doaj.org/toc/2095-8811Chemosensory disorders, primarily olfactory, have diagnostic significance for prevalent human illnesses, but the multitude of smells makes measuring function appear daunting. The olfactory system operates under dynamic natural sensing conditions in which many individual odor chemicals are waxing and waning. Yet, in experimentally controlled simulations, mixture-component selective adaptation shows individual or shared prominent characteristic odors are detected but molecular stimulus features are not. As in other biological chemical signaling systems, including taste, odors activate dedicated receptors (OR). Given rapid OR adaptation with the passage of time, individual odor recognition is momentary. Receptive dendrites of the nearly 400 genetically variable human-OR in the olfactory epithelium critically project axons to the olfactory bulb through perforations in the cribriform plate of the skull. Analytic chemical-quality codes detect single odor-mixture components. However, identities of no more than 3 or 4 most salient odors are perceived due to central mixture-suppression, the mutual inhibition among diverse olfactory-bulb or cortical neurons. The componental codes allow olfaction to readily discern odor quality and valence of a wide range of unrelated chemicals, a few at a time. Head trauma may result in a partial or complete loss of smell and facial trauma a loss of taste-nerve function. Testing smell could plot the course of recovery from chronic traumatic encephalopathies that prevail in contact sports. Measuring brain function with olfaction would provide simpler and more direct monitoring of prognosis than biochemical sensors. Keywords: Mixture-component perception, Head trauma, Contact sportsMarion E. FrankThomas P. HettingerKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.articleOtorhinolaryngologyRF1-547SurgeryRD1-811ENWorld Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 46-49 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811
spellingShingle	Otorhinolaryngology RF1-547 Surgery RD1-811 Marion E. Frank Thomas P. Hettinger Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
description	Chemosensory disorders, primarily olfactory, have diagnostic significance for prevalent human illnesses, but the multitude of smells makes measuring function appear daunting. The olfactory system operates under dynamic natural sensing conditions in which many individual odor chemicals are waxing and waning. Yet, in experimentally controlled simulations, mixture-component selective adaptation shows individual or shared prominent characteristic odors are detected but molecular stimulus features are not. As in other biological chemical signaling systems, including taste, odors activate dedicated receptors (OR). Given rapid OR adaptation with the passage of time, individual odor recognition is momentary. Receptive dendrites of the nearly 400 genetically variable human-OR in the olfactory epithelium critically project axons to the olfactory bulb through perforations in the cribriform plate of the skull. Analytic chemical-quality codes detect single odor-mixture components. However, identities of no more than 3 or 4 most salient odors are perceived due to central mixture-suppression, the mutual inhibition among diverse olfactory-bulb or cortical neurons. The componental codes allow olfaction to readily discern odor quality and valence of a wide range of unrelated chemicals, a few at a time. Head trauma may result in a partial or complete loss of smell and facial trauma a loss of taste-nerve function. Testing smell could plot the course of recovery from chronic traumatic encephalopathies that prevail in contact sports. Measuring brain function with olfaction would provide simpler and more direct monitoring of prognosis than biochemical sensors. Keywords: Mixture-component perception, Head trauma, Contact sports
format	article
author	Marion E. Frank Thomas P. Hettinger
author_facet	Marion E. Frank Thomas P. Hettinger
author_sort	Marion E. Frank
title	Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
title_short	Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
title_full	Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
title_fullStr	Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
title_full_unstemmed	Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
title_sort	tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses
publisher	KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab5741f8cb2e41e2a28a84bb1c909f78
work_keys_str_mv	AT marionefrank trackingtraumaticheadinjurieswiththechemicalsenses AT thomasphettinger trackingtraumaticheadinjurieswiththechemicalsenses
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Tracking traumatic head injuries with the chemical senses

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