Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).

<h4>Background</h4>The underlying basis for the seasonality of influenza A viruses is still uncertain. Phylogenetic studies investigated this phenomenon but have lacked sequences from more subtropical and tropical regions, particularly from Southeast Asia.<h4>Methodology/principal...

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Autores principales:	Julian W Tang, Karry L K Ngai, Wai Y Lam, Paul K S Chan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab8e924459844e7aad5d19b18be0e083
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab8e924459844e7aad5d19b18be0e0832021-11-25T06:11:29ZSeasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002768https://doaj.org/article/ab8e924459844e7aad5d19b18be0e0832008-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648550/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The underlying basis for the seasonality of influenza A viruses is still uncertain. Phylogenetic studies investigated this phenomenon but have lacked sequences from more subtropical and tropical regions, particularly from Southeast Asia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>281 complete hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences were obtained from influenza A(H3N2) viruses, collected over 10 years (1997-2006) from Hong Kong. These dated sequences were analyzed with influenza A(H3N2) vaccine strain sequences (Syd/5/97, Mos/10/99, Fuj/411/02, Cal/7/04) and 315 other publicly available dated sequences from elsewhere, worldwide. In addition, the NA sequence alignment was inspected for the presence of any naturally occurring, known, neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance-associated amino acid mutations (R292K and E119V). Before 2001, the Hong Kong HA and NA sequences clustered more closely with the older vaccine sequences (Syd/5/97, Mos/10/99) than did sequences from elsewhere. After 2001, this trend reversed with significant clusters containing HA and NA sequences from different locations, isolated at different times, suggesting that viral migration may account for much of the influenza A(H3N2) seasonality during this 10-year period. However, at least one example from Hong Kong was found suggesting that in some years, influenza A(H3N2) viruses may persist in the same location, perhaps continuing to circulate, sub-clinically, at low levels between seasons, to re-emerge in the influenza season the following year, relatively unchanged. None of these Hong Kong influenza A(H3N2) NA sequences contained any of the known NAI-resistance associated mutations.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) may be largely due to global migration, with similar viruses appearing in different countries at different times. However, occasionally, some viruses may remain within a single location and continue to circulate within that population, to re-emerge during the next influenza season, with relatively little genetic change. Naturally occurring NAI resistance mutations were absent or, at least, very rare in this population.Julian W TangKarry L K NgaiWai Y LamPaul K S ChanPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 7, p e2768 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Julian W Tang Karry L K Ngai Wai Y Lam Paul K S Chan Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
description	<h4>Background</h4>The underlying basis for the seasonality of influenza A viruses is still uncertain. Phylogenetic studies investigated this phenomenon but have lacked sequences from more subtropical and tropical regions, particularly from Southeast Asia.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>281 complete hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences were obtained from influenza A(H3N2) viruses, collected over 10 years (1997-2006) from Hong Kong. These dated sequences were analyzed with influenza A(H3N2) vaccine strain sequences (Syd/5/97, Mos/10/99, Fuj/411/02, Cal/7/04) and 315 other publicly available dated sequences from elsewhere, worldwide. In addition, the NA sequence alignment was inspected for the presence of any naturally occurring, known, neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) resistance-associated amino acid mutations (R292K and E119V). Before 2001, the Hong Kong HA and NA sequences clustered more closely with the older vaccine sequences (Syd/5/97, Mos/10/99) than did sequences from elsewhere. After 2001, this trend reversed with significant clusters containing HA and NA sequences from different locations, isolated at different times, suggesting that viral migration may account for much of the influenza A(H3N2) seasonality during this 10-year period. However, at least one example from Hong Kong was found suggesting that in some years, influenza A(H3N2) viruses may persist in the same location, perhaps continuing to circulate, sub-clinically, at low levels between seasons, to re-emerge in the influenza season the following year, relatively unchanged. None of these Hong Kong influenza A(H3N2) NA sequences contained any of the known NAI-resistance associated mutations.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>The seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) may be largely due to global migration, with similar viruses appearing in different countries at different times. However, occasionally, some viruses may remain within a single location and continue to circulate within that population, to re-emerge during the next influenza season, with relatively little genetic change. Naturally occurring NAI resistance mutations were absent or, at least, very rare in this population.
format	article
author	Julian W Tang Karry L K Ngai Wai Y Lam Paul K S Chan
author_facet	Julian W Tang Karry L K Ngai Wai Y Lam Paul K S Chan
author_sort	Julian W Tang
title	Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
title_short	Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
title_full	Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
title_fullStr	Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
title_full_unstemmed	Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).
title_sort	seasonality of influenza a(h3n2) virus: a hong kong perspective (1997-2006).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab8e924459844e7aad5d19b18be0e083
work_keys_str_mv	AT julianwtang seasonalityofinfluenzaah3n2virusahongkongperspective19972006 AT karrylkngai seasonalityofinfluenzaah3n2virusahongkongperspective19972006 AT waiylam seasonalityofinfluenzaah3n2virusahongkongperspective19972006 AT paulkschan seasonalityofinfluenzaah3n2virusahongkongperspective19972006
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Seasonality of influenza A(H3N2) virus: a Hong Kong perspective (1997-2006).

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