Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.

<h4>Background</h4>The "classic" endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, the eCB ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their metabolic enzymes. An emerging literature documents the "eCB deficiency syndrome"...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	John M McPartland, Geoffrey W Guy, Vincenzo Di Marzo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ab966ef4b8894fb7ac087b5d1d8c5221
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:ab966ef4b8894fb7ac087b5d1d8c5221
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ab966ef4b8894fb7ac087b5d1d8c52212021-11-18T08:28:22ZCare and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0089566https://doaj.org/article/ab966ef4b8894fb7ac087b5d1d8c52212014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24622769/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The "classic" endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, the eCB ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their metabolic enzymes. An emerging literature documents the "eCB deficiency syndrome" as an etiology in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, psychological disorders, and other conditions. We performed a systematic review of clinical interventions that enhance the eCB system--ways to upregulate cannabinoid receptors, increase ligand synthesis, or inhibit ligand degradation.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We searched PubMed for clinical trials, observational studies, and preclinical research. Data synthesis was qualitative. Exclusion criteria limited the results to 184 in vitro studies, 102 in vivo animal studies, and 36 human studies. Evidence indicates that several classes of pharmaceuticals upregulate the eCB system, including analgesics (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, glucocorticoids), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants. Clinical interventions characterized as "complementary and alternative medicine" also upregulate the eCB system: massage and manipulation, acupuncture, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines. Lifestyle modification (diet, weight control, exercise, and the use of psychoactive substances--alcohol, tobacco, coffee, cannabis) also modulate the eCB system.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Few clinical trials have assessed interventions that upregulate the eCB system. Many preclinical studies point to other potential approaches; human trials are needed to explore these promising interventions.John M McPartlandGeoffrey W GuyVincenzo Di MarzoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 3, p e89566 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q John M McPartland Geoffrey W Guy Vincenzo Di Marzo Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The "classic" endocannabinoid (eCB) system includes the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, the eCB ligands anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and their metabolic enzymes. An emerging literature documents the "eCB deficiency syndrome" as an etiology in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, psychological disorders, and other conditions. We performed a systematic review of clinical interventions that enhance the eCB system--ways to upregulate cannabinoid receptors, increase ligand synthesis, or inhibit ligand degradation.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We searched PubMed for clinical trials, observational studies, and preclinical research. Data synthesis was qualitative. Exclusion criteria limited the results to 184 in vitro studies, 102 in vivo animal studies, and 36 human studies. Evidence indicates that several classes of pharmaceuticals upregulate the eCB system, including analgesics (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, glucocorticoids), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants. Clinical interventions characterized as "complementary and alternative medicine" also upregulate the eCB system: massage and manipulation, acupuncture, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines. Lifestyle modification (diet, weight control, exercise, and the use of psychoactive substances--alcohol, tobacco, coffee, cannabis) also modulate the eCB system.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Few clinical trials have assessed interventions that upregulate the eCB system. Many preclinical studies point to other potential approaches; human trials are needed to explore these promising interventions.
format	article
author	John M McPartland Geoffrey W Guy Vincenzo Di Marzo
author_facet	John M McPartland Geoffrey W Guy Vincenzo Di Marzo
author_sort	John M McPartland
title	Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
title_short	Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
title_full	Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
title_fullStr	Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
title_full_unstemmed	Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
title_sort	care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/ab966ef4b8894fb7ac087b5d1d8c5221
work_keys_str_mv	AT johnmmcpartland careandfeedingoftheendocannabinoidsystemasystematicreviewofpotentialclinicalinterventionsthatupregulatetheendocannabinoidsystem AT geoffreywguy careandfeedingoftheendocannabinoidsystemasystematicreviewofpotentialclinicalinterventionsthatupregulatetheendocannabinoidsystem AT vincenzodimarzo careandfeedingoftheendocannabinoidsystemasystematicreviewofpotentialclinicalinterventionsthatupregulatetheendocannabinoidsystem
_version_	1718421760832962560

Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systematic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system.

Ejemplares similares