Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems

Abstract The principal etiological agent of human dental caries, Streptococcus mutans is a multi-virulent pathogen that can transform commensal oral microbial community to plaque biofilms. Major virulence factors that are associated with the cariogenicity of S. mutans include adhesion, acidogenicity...

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Autores principales:	Arumugam Priya, Chandra Bose Manish Kumar, Alaguvel Valliammai, Anthonymuthu Selvaraj, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aba7497e63ff4366af5cee3c61de684c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aba7497e63ff4366af5cee3c61de684c2021-12-02T14:01:21ZUsnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems10.1038/s41598-020-80338-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/aba7497e63ff4366af5cee3c61de684c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80338-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The principal etiological agent of human dental caries, Streptococcus mutans is a multi-virulent pathogen that can transform commensal oral microbial community to plaque biofilms. Major virulence factors that are associated with the cariogenicity of S. mutans include adhesion, acidogenicity and acidurity. All these pathogenic traits coordinate and alter the dental plaque ecology which provide room for interaction with other similar acidogenic and aciduric bacteria. This cariogenic flora increases the possibility of enamel demineralization which headway to caries development. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial and antiinfective potential of a lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid (UA) against S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and growth kinetics were evaluated to determine the antimicrobial potential of UA against S. mutans. UA at 5 µg mL−1 and 10 µg mL−1 concentration were considered as MIC and MBC respectively. Effect on biofilm formation was microscopically assessed and found to be reduced in a concentration dependent manner. Gene expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicR, ComDE and smu0630 was found to be downregulated upon treatment with sub-MIC of UA. Acidogenicity, acidurity, eDNA synthesis and response to oxidative stress were found to be attenuated by the influence of UA. It was also demonstrated to act on preformed mature biofilm of S. mutans. Moreover, UA was shown to possess very low frequency to acquire spontaneous resistance development in S. mutans. Besides, no morphological aberrations or toxic effect was instigated by UA in the human buccal epithelial cells as well as to the oral commensals. Altogether, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of usnic acid in the treatment of S. mutans infection.Arumugam PriyaChandra Bose Manish KumarAlaguvel ValliammaiAnthonymuthu SelvarajShunmugiah Karutha PandianNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arumugam Priya Chandra Bose Manish Kumar Alaguvel Valliammai Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
description	Abstract The principal etiological agent of human dental caries, Streptococcus mutans is a multi-virulent pathogen that can transform commensal oral microbial community to plaque biofilms. Major virulence factors that are associated with the cariogenicity of S. mutans include adhesion, acidogenicity and acidurity. All these pathogenic traits coordinate and alter the dental plaque ecology which provide room for interaction with other similar acidogenic and aciduric bacteria. This cariogenic flora increases the possibility of enamel demineralization which headway to caries development. The present study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial and antiinfective potential of a lichen secondary metabolite usnic acid (UA) against S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and growth kinetics were evaluated to determine the antimicrobial potential of UA against S. mutans. UA at 5 µg mL−1 and 10 µg mL−1 concentration were considered as MIC and MBC respectively. Effect on biofilm formation was microscopically assessed and found to be reduced in a concentration dependent manner. Gene expression of gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, vicR, ComDE and smu0630 was found to be downregulated upon treatment with sub-MIC of UA. Acidogenicity, acidurity, eDNA synthesis and response to oxidative stress were found to be attenuated by the influence of UA. It was also demonstrated to act on preformed mature biofilm of S. mutans. Moreover, UA was shown to possess very low frequency to acquire spontaneous resistance development in S. mutans. Besides, no morphological aberrations or toxic effect was instigated by UA in the human buccal epithelial cells as well as to the oral commensals. Altogether, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of usnic acid in the treatment of S. mutans infection.
format	article
author	Arumugam Priya Chandra Bose Manish Kumar Alaguvel Valliammai Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
author_facet	Arumugam Priya Chandra Bose Manish Kumar Alaguvel Valliammai Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
author_sort	Arumugam Priya
title	Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
title_short	Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
title_full	Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
title_fullStr	Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
title_full_unstemmed	Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
title_sort	usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/aba7497e63ff4366af5cee3c61de684c
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Usnic acid deteriorates acidogenicity, acidurance and glucose metabolism of Streptococcus mutans through downregulation of two-component signal transduction systems

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