Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process microalgae sludge produced from various effluents and to obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence of four independent variables on biochar yield and prope...

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Autores principales:	Catarina Viegas, Catarina Nobre, Ricardo Correia, Luísa Gouveia, Margarida Gonçalves
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> lignocellulosic biomass biochar torrefaction carbonization RSM Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/abd70bec21cd443f807333cbe7bbdffa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:abd70bec21cd443f807333cbe7bbdffa2021-11-11T16:03:23ZOptimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology10.3390/en142173301996-1073https://doaj.org/article/abd70bec21cd443f807333cbe7bbdffa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/7330https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process microalgae sludge produced from various effluents and to obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence of four independent variables on biochar yield and properties was evaluated by a set of experiments defined by response surface methodology (RSM). The biochars were characterized for proximate and ultimate composition, HHV, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. HHV of the biochars was positively correlated with carbonization temperature, residence time, and lignocellulosic biomass content in the feed. Co-torrefaction conditions that led to a higher yield of biochar (76.5%) with good calorific value (17.4 MJ Kg<sup>−1</sup>) were 250 °C, 60 min of residence time, 5% feed moisture, and 50% lignocellulosic biomass. The energy efficiency of the process was higher for lower temperatures (92.6%) but decreased abruptly with the increase of the moisture content of the feed mixture (16.9 to 57.3% for 70% moisture). Biochars produced using algal biomass grown in contaminated effluents presented high ash content and low calorific value. Dye removal efficiency by the produced biochars was tested, reaching 95% methylene blue adsorption capacity for the biochars produced with the least severe torrefaction conditions.Catarina ViegasCatarina NobreRicardo CorreiaLuísa GouveiaMargarida GonçalvesMDPI AGarticle<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>lignocellulosic biomassbiochartorrefactioncarbonizationRSMTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7330, p 7330 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> lignocellulosic biomass biochar torrefaction carbonization RSM Technology T
spellingShingle	<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> lignocellulosic biomass biochar torrefaction carbonization RSM Technology T Catarina Viegas Catarina Nobre Ricardo Correia Luísa Gouveia Margarida Gonçalves Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
description	Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process microalgae sludge produced from various effluents and to obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence of four independent variables on biochar yield and properties was evaluated by a set of experiments defined by response surface methodology (RSM). The biochars were characterized for proximate and ultimate composition, HHV, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. HHV of the biochars was positively correlated with carbonization temperature, residence time, and lignocellulosic biomass content in the feed. Co-torrefaction conditions that led to a higher yield of biochar (76.5%) with good calorific value (17.4 MJ Kg<sup>−1</sup>) were 250 °C, 60 min of residence time, 5% feed moisture, and 50% lignocellulosic biomass. The energy efficiency of the process was higher for lower temperatures (92.6%) but decreased abruptly with the increase of the moisture content of the feed mixture (16.9 to 57.3% for 70% moisture). Biochars produced using algal biomass grown in contaminated effluents presented high ash content and low calorific value. Dye removal efficiency by the produced biochars was tested, reaching 95% methylene blue adsorption capacity for the biochars produced with the least severe torrefaction conditions.
format	article
author	Catarina Viegas Catarina Nobre Ricardo Correia Luísa Gouveia Margarida Gonçalves
author_facet	Catarina Viegas Catarina Nobre Ricardo Correia Luísa Gouveia Margarida Gonçalves
author_sort	Catarina Viegas
title	Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
title_short	Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full	Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
title_fullStr	Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full_unstemmed	Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology
title_sort	optimization of biochar production by co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass using response surface methodology
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/abd70bec21cd443f807333cbe7bbdffa
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Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

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