Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia

Abstract Background The presence of geminivirus sequences in a preliminary analysis of sRNA sequences from the leaves of macadamia trees with abnormal vertical growth (AVG) syndrome was investigated. Results A locus of endogenous geminiviral elements (EGE) in the macadamia genome was analysed, and t...

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Autores principales:	Mohamed C. M. Zakeel, Andrew D. W. Geering, John E. Thomas, Olufemi A. Akinsanmi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Rolling circle amplification Transcriptional activity Geminivirus Proteaceae genome Fossilized viral sequences Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/abe1bd8fb5dc423a8525540adcdb203c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:abe1bd8fb5dc423a8525540adcdb203c2021-11-28T12:23:14ZCharacterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia10.1186/s12864-021-08174-01471-2164https://doaj.org/article/abe1bd8fb5dc423a8525540adcdb203c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08174-0https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164Abstract Background The presence of geminivirus sequences in a preliminary analysis of sRNA sequences from the leaves of macadamia trees with abnormal vertical growth (AVG) syndrome was investigated. Results A locus of endogenous geminiviral elements (EGE) in the macadamia genome was analysed, and the sequences revealed a high level of deletions and/or partial integrations, thus rendering the EGE transcriptionally inactive. The replication defective EGE in the macadamia genome indicates its inability to be the source of new viral infections and thus cause AVG or any other disease in macadamia. The EGE sequences were detected in two edible Macadamia species that constitute commercial cultivars and the wild germplasm of edible and inedible species of Macadamia. This strongly suggests that the integration preceded speciation of the genus Macadamia. A draft genome of a locus of EGE in Macadamia was developed. The findings of this study provide evidence to suggest the endogenization of the geminiviral sequences in the macadamia genome and the ancestral relationship of EGE with Macadamia in the Proteaceae family. Random mutations accumulating in the EGE inform that the sequence is evolving. Conclusions The EGE in Macadamia is inactive and thus not a direct cause of any diseases or syndromes including AVG in macadamia. The insertion of the EGE in the macadamia genome preceded speciation of the genus Macadamia.Mohamed C. M. ZakeelAndrew D. W. GeeringJohn E. ThomasOlufemi A. AkinsanmiBMCarticleRolling circle amplificationTranscriptional activityGeminivirusProteaceae genomeFossilized viral sequencesBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65GeneticsQH426-470ENBMC Genomics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Rolling circle amplification Transcriptional activity Geminivirus Proteaceae genome Fossilized viral sequences Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Rolling circle amplification Transcriptional activity Geminivirus Proteaceae genome Fossilized viral sequences Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Mohamed C. M. Zakeel Andrew D. W. Geering John E. Thomas Olufemi A. Akinsanmi Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
description	Abstract Background The presence of geminivirus sequences in a preliminary analysis of sRNA sequences from the leaves of macadamia trees with abnormal vertical growth (AVG) syndrome was investigated. Results A locus of endogenous geminiviral elements (EGE) in the macadamia genome was analysed, and the sequences revealed a high level of deletions and/or partial integrations, thus rendering the EGE transcriptionally inactive. The replication defective EGE in the macadamia genome indicates its inability to be the source of new viral infections and thus cause AVG or any other disease in macadamia. The EGE sequences were detected in two edible Macadamia species that constitute commercial cultivars and the wild germplasm of edible and inedible species of Macadamia. This strongly suggests that the integration preceded speciation of the genus Macadamia. A draft genome of a locus of EGE in Macadamia was developed. The findings of this study provide evidence to suggest the endogenization of the geminiviral sequences in the macadamia genome and the ancestral relationship of EGE with Macadamia in the Proteaceae family. Random mutations accumulating in the EGE inform that the sequence is evolving. Conclusions The EGE in Macadamia is inactive and thus not a direct cause of any diseases or syndromes including AVG in macadamia. The insertion of the EGE in the macadamia genome preceded speciation of the genus Macadamia.
format	article
author	Mohamed C. M. Zakeel Andrew D. W. Geering John E. Thomas Olufemi A. Akinsanmi
author_facet	Mohamed C. M. Zakeel Andrew D. W. Geering John E. Thomas Olufemi A. Akinsanmi
author_sort	Mohamed C. M. Zakeel
title	Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
title_short	Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
title_full	Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
title_fullStr	Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
title_full_unstemmed	Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
title_sort	characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/abe1bd8fb5dc423a8525540adcdb203c
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohamedcmzakeel characterisationofnovelendogenousgeminiviralelementsinmacadamia AT andrewdwgeering characterisationofnovelendogenousgeminiviralelementsinmacadamia AT johnethomas characterisationofnovelendogenousgeminiviralelementsinmacadamia AT olufemiaakinsanmi characterisationofnovelendogenousgeminiviralelementsinmacadamia
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Characterisation of novel endogenous geminiviral elements in macadamia

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