Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices

Background: Human lead (Pb) exposure can result in a number of adverse health outcomes, particularly in children. Objective: An assessment of lead exposure sources was carried out in the Republic of Georgia following a nationally representative survey that found elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in...

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Autores principales:	Bret Ericson, Levan Gabelaia, John Keith, Tamar Kashibadze, Nana Beraia, Lela Sturua, Ziad Kazzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2020
Materias:	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/abe2bc212d0f47008bbf8dcebd257917
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:abe2bc212d0f47008bbf8dcebd257917
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:abe2bc212d0f47008bbf8dcebd2579172021-12-02T11:52:24ZElevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices2214-999610.5334/aogh.3044https://doaj.org/article/abe2bc212d0f47008bbf8dcebd2579172020-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/3044https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Human lead (Pb) exposure can result in a number of adverse health outcomes, particularly in children. Objective: An assessment of lead exposure sources was carried out in the Republic of Georgia following a nationally representative survey that found elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children. Methods: A range of environmental media were assessed in 25 homes and four bazaars spanning five regions. In total, 682 portable X-Ray Fluorescence measurements were taken, including those from cookware (n = 53); paint (n = 207); soil (n = 91); spices (n = 128); toys (n = 78); and other media (n = 125). In addition, 61 dust wipes and 15 water samples were collected and analyzed. Findings: Exceptionally high lead concentrations were identified in multiple spices. Median lead concentrations in six elevated spices ranged from 4–2,418 times acceptable levels. Median lead concentrations of all other media were within internationally accepted guidelines. The issue appeared to be regional in nature, with western Georgia being the most highly affected. Homes located in Adjara and Guria were 14 times more likely to have lead-adulterated spices than homes in other regions. Conclusions: Further study is required to determine the source of lead contamination in spices. Policy changes are recommended to mitigate potential health impacts. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of evidence that points to adulterated spices as a significant source of human lead exposure.Bret EricsonLevan GabelaiaJohn KeithTamar KashibadzeNana BeraiaLela SturuaZiad KazziUbiquity PressarticleInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 86, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Bret Ericson Levan Gabelaia John Keith Tamar Kashibadze Nana Beraia Lela Sturua Ziad Kazzi Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
description	Background: Human lead (Pb) exposure can result in a number of adverse health outcomes, particularly in children. Objective: An assessment of lead exposure sources was carried out in the Republic of Georgia following a nationally representative survey that found elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children. Methods: A range of environmental media were assessed in 25 homes and four bazaars spanning five regions. In total, 682 portable X-Ray Fluorescence measurements were taken, including those from cookware (n = 53); paint (n = 207); soil (n = 91); spices (n = 128); toys (n = 78); and other media (n = 125). In addition, 61 dust wipes and 15 water samples were collected and analyzed. Findings: Exceptionally high lead concentrations were identified in multiple spices. Median lead concentrations in six elevated spices ranged from 4–2,418 times acceptable levels. Median lead concentrations of all other media were within internationally accepted guidelines. The issue appeared to be regional in nature, with western Georgia being the most highly affected. Homes located in Adjara and Guria were 14 times more likely to have lead-adulterated spices than homes in other regions. Conclusions: Further study is required to determine the source of lead contamination in spices. Policy changes are recommended to mitigate potential health impacts. The results of this study contribute to a growing body of evidence that points to adulterated spices as a significant source of human lead exposure.
format	article
author	Bret Ericson Levan Gabelaia John Keith Tamar Kashibadze Nana Beraia Lela Sturua Ziad Kazzi
author_facet	Bret Ericson Levan Gabelaia John Keith Tamar Kashibadze Nana Beraia Lela Sturua Ziad Kazzi
author_sort	Bret Ericson
title	Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
title_short	Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
title_full	Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
title_fullStr	Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
title_full_unstemmed	Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices
title_sort	elevated levels of lead (pb) identified in georgian spices
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/abe2bc212d0f47008bbf8dcebd257917
work_keys_str_mv	AT bretericson elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT levangabelaia elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT johnkeith elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT tamarkashibadze elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT nanaberaia elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT lelasturua elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices AT ziadkazzi elevatedlevelsofleadpbidentifiedingeorgianspices
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Elevated Levels of Lead (Pb) Identified in Georgian Spices

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