The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera

With approximately 160,000 identified species of butterflies and moths, Lepidoptera are among the most species-rich and diverse insect orders. Lepidopteran insects have fundamental ecosystem functions as pollinators and valuable food sources for countless animals. Furthermore, Lepidoptera have a sig...

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Autores principales:	Daniel Brady, Alessio Saviane, Silvia Cappellozza, Federica Sandrelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Lepidoptera circadian clock circadian behaviors larval circadian clock pest insects beneficial insects Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/abe8ff7627c94809b98d2603d7d81211
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:abe8ff7627c94809b98d2603d7d812112021-11-17T07:05:58ZThe Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera1664-042X10.3389/fphys.2021.776826https://doaj.org/article/abe8ff7627c94809b98d2603d7d812112021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.776826/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-042XWith approximately 160,000 identified species of butterflies and moths, Lepidoptera are among the most species-rich and diverse insect orders. Lepidopteran insects have fundamental ecosystem functions as pollinators and valuable food sources for countless animals. Furthermore, Lepidoptera have a significant impact on the economy and global food security because many species in their larval stage are harmful pests of staple food crops. Moreover, domesticated species such as the silkworm Bombyx mori produce silk and silk byproducts that are utilized by the luxury textile, biomedical, and cosmetics sectors. Several Lepidoptera have been fundamental as model organisms for basic biological research, from formal genetics to evolutionary studies. Regarding chronobiology, in the 1970s, Truman’s seminal transplantation experiments on different lepidopteran species were the first to show that the circadian clock resides in the brain. With the implementation of molecular genetics, subsequent studies identified key differences in core components of the molecular circadian clock of Lepidoptera compared to the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, the dominant insect species in chronobiological research. More recently, studies on the butterfly Danaus plexippus have been fundamental in characterizing the interplay between the circadian clock and navigation during the seasonal migration of this species. Moreover, the advent of Next Generation Omic technologies has resulted in the production of many publicly available datasets regarding circadian clocks in pest and beneficial Lepidoptera. This review presents an updated overview of the molecular and anatomical organization of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera. We report different behavioral circadian rhythms currently identified, focusing on the importance of the circadian clock in controlling developmental, mating and migration phenotypes. We then describe the ecological importance of circadian clocks detailing the complex interplay between the feeding behavior of these organisms and plants. Finally, we discuss how the characterization of these features could be useful in both pest control, and in optimizing rearing of beneficial Lepidoptera.Daniel BradyAlessio SavianeSilvia CappellozzaFederica SandrelliFrontiers Media S.A.articleLepidopteracircadian clockcircadian behaviorslarval circadian clockpest insectsbeneficial insectsPhysiologyQP1-981ENFrontiers in Physiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Lepidoptera circadian clock circadian behaviors larval circadian clock pest insects beneficial insects Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Lepidoptera circadian clock circadian behaviors larval circadian clock pest insects beneficial insects Physiology QP1-981 Daniel Brady Alessio Saviane Silvia Cappellozza Federica Sandrelli The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
description	With approximately 160,000 identified species of butterflies and moths, Lepidoptera are among the most species-rich and diverse insect orders. Lepidopteran insects have fundamental ecosystem functions as pollinators and valuable food sources for countless animals. Furthermore, Lepidoptera have a significant impact on the economy and global food security because many species in their larval stage are harmful pests of staple food crops. Moreover, domesticated species such as the silkworm Bombyx mori produce silk and silk byproducts that are utilized by the luxury textile, biomedical, and cosmetics sectors. Several Lepidoptera have been fundamental as model organisms for basic biological research, from formal genetics to evolutionary studies. Regarding chronobiology, in the 1970s, Truman’s seminal transplantation experiments on different lepidopteran species were the first to show that the circadian clock resides in the brain. With the implementation of molecular genetics, subsequent studies identified key differences in core components of the molecular circadian clock of Lepidoptera compared to the dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, the dominant insect species in chronobiological research. More recently, studies on the butterfly Danaus plexippus have been fundamental in characterizing the interplay between the circadian clock and navigation during the seasonal migration of this species. Moreover, the advent of Next Generation Omic technologies has resulted in the production of many publicly available datasets regarding circadian clocks in pest and beneficial Lepidoptera. This review presents an updated overview of the molecular and anatomical organization of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera. We report different behavioral circadian rhythms currently identified, focusing on the importance of the circadian clock in controlling developmental, mating and migration phenotypes. We then describe the ecological importance of circadian clocks detailing the complex interplay between the feeding behavior of these organisms and plants. Finally, we discuss how the characterization of these features could be useful in both pest control, and in optimizing rearing of beneficial Lepidoptera.
format	article
author	Daniel Brady Alessio Saviane Silvia Cappellozza Federica Sandrelli
author_facet	Daniel Brady Alessio Saviane Silvia Cappellozza Federica Sandrelli
author_sort	Daniel Brady
title	The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
title_short	The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
title_full	The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
title_fullStr	The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
title_full_unstemmed	The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera
title_sort	circadian clock in lepidoptera
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/abe8ff7627c94809b98d2603d7d81211
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielbrady thecircadianclockinlepidoptera AT alessiosaviane thecircadianclockinlepidoptera AT silviacappellozza thecircadianclockinlepidoptera AT federicasandrelli thecircadianclockinlepidoptera AT danielbrady circadianclockinlepidoptera AT alessiosaviane circadianclockinlepidoptera AT silviacappellozza circadianclockinlepidoptera AT federicasandrelli circadianclockinlepidoptera
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The Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera

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