Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan

Running title: Monarch alternative migration: We collected 434 adult monarchs and surveyed milkweeds for immature monarchs in southwest Michigan, USA in order to test the hypothesis that monarchs are temporally variable, sequential partial migrants rather than partial migrants that may be spatially...

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Autores principales:	Malcolm Stephen B., Vargas Natalia Ruiz, Rowe Logan, Stevens Joel, Armagost Joshua E., Johnson Andrew C.
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	De Gruyter 2018
Materias:	monarch butterfly partial migration voltinism milkweed hostplant wing wear wing load fat content cardenolide sequestration Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ac1a120a9fe44a6cb78d3126c5a4e2fd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ac1a120a9fe44a6cb78d3126c5a4e2fd2021-12-02T19:17:53ZSequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan2084-883810.1515/ami-2018-0007https://doaj.org/article/ac1a120a9fe44a6cb78d3126c5a4e2fd2018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1515/ami-2018-0007https://doaj.org/toc/2084-8838Running title: Monarch alternative migration: We collected 434 adult monarchs and surveyed milkweeds for immature monarchs in southwest Michigan, USA in order to test the hypothesis that monarchs are temporally variable, sequential partial migrants rather than partial migrants that may be spatially separated. Adult size, wing wear, female egg counts, fat content and sequestered chemical defenses were measured in monarchs across an entire season from spring migrant arrival, through breeding, until autumn migrant departure. We predicted that a population characterized by starting from all migrants and no residents, through breeding residents, to all migrants and no residents should show life history measures consistent with changes in these proportions. Results show that female monarch spring migrants arrive with chorionated eggs and high wing loads in both intact and fat-extracted adults. Wing loads of both males and females decrease during the summer and increase again immediately before autumn departure, when the fat content of all adults increases markedly. The high fat content of spring arrivals is also characteristic of migrants. Cardenolide content of adults showed a similar pattern of high content in spring arrivals, a decrease in the summer and then an accumulation of cardenolide defenses in adults in late summer just before migratory departure. We conclude that these results are consistent with temporally variable, sequential partial migration in a short-lived insect that contrasts with spatially variable partial migration in longer-lived vertebrates.Malcolm Stephen B.Vargas Natalia RuizRowe LoganStevens JoelArmagost Joshua E.Johnson Andrew C.De Gruyterarticlemonarch butterflypartial migrationvoltinismmilkweed hostplantwing wearwing loadfat contentcardenolide sequestrationBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENAnimal Migration, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 104-114 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	monarch butterfly partial migration voltinism milkweed hostplant wing wear wing load fat content cardenolide sequestration Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	monarch butterfly partial migration voltinism milkweed hostplant wing wear wing load fat content cardenolide sequestration Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Malcolm Stephen B. Vargas Natalia Ruiz Rowe Logan Stevens Joel Armagost Joshua E. Johnson Andrew C. Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
description	Running title: Monarch alternative migration: We collected 434 adult monarchs and surveyed milkweeds for immature monarchs in southwest Michigan, USA in order to test the hypothesis that monarchs are temporally variable, sequential partial migrants rather than partial migrants that may be spatially separated. Adult size, wing wear, female egg counts, fat content and sequestered chemical defenses were measured in monarchs across an entire season from spring migrant arrival, through breeding, until autumn migrant departure. We predicted that a population characterized by starting from all migrants and no residents, through breeding residents, to all migrants and no residents should show life history measures consistent with changes in these proportions. Results show that female monarch spring migrants arrive with chorionated eggs and high wing loads in both intact and fat-extracted adults. Wing loads of both males and females decrease during the summer and increase again immediately before autumn departure, when the fat content of all adults increases markedly. The high fat content of spring arrivals is also characteristic of migrants. Cardenolide content of adults showed a similar pattern of high content in spring arrivals, a decrease in the summer and then an accumulation of cardenolide defenses in adults in late summer just before migratory departure. We conclude that these results are consistent with temporally variable, sequential partial migration in a short-lived insect that contrasts with spatially variable partial migration in longer-lived vertebrates.
format	article
author	Malcolm Stephen B. Vargas Natalia Ruiz Rowe Logan Stevens Joel Armagost Joshua E. Johnson Andrew C.
author_facet	Malcolm Stephen B. Vargas Natalia Ruiz Rowe Logan Stevens Joel Armagost Joshua E. Johnson Andrew C.
author_sort	Malcolm Stephen B.
title	Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
title_short	Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
title_full	Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
title_fullStr	Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
title_full_unstemmed	Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan
title_sort	sequential partial migration across monarch generations in michigan
publisher	De Gruyter
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/ac1a120a9fe44a6cb78d3126c5a4e2fd
work_keys_str_mv	AT malcolmstephenb sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan AT vargasnataliaruiz sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan AT rowelogan sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan AT stevensjoel sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan AT armagostjoshuae sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan AT johnsonandrewc sequentialpartialmigrationacrossmonarchgenerationsinmichigan
_version_	1718376871700201472

Sequential Partial Migration Across Monarch Generations in Michigan

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