High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum

Abstract The stems of bioenergy sorghum hybrids at harvest are > 4 m long, contain > 40 internodes and account for ~ 80% of harvested biomass. In this study, bioenergy sorghum hybrids were grown at four planting densities (~ 20,000 to 132,000 plants/ha) under field conditions for 60 days to in...

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Autores principales:	Ka Man Jasmine Yu, Brian McKinley, William L. Rooney, John E. Mullet
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ac1cf47b859c41fcbd997855a2b55d4e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ac1cf47b859c41fcbd997855a2b55d4e2021-12-02T15:13:06ZHigh planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum10.1038/s41598-020-79975-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ac1cf47b859c41fcbd997855a2b55d4e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79975-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The stems of bioenergy sorghum hybrids at harvest are > 4 m long, contain > 40 internodes and account for ~ 80% of harvested biomass. In this study, bioenergy sorghum hybrids were grown at four planting densities (~ 20,000 to 132,000 plants/ha) under field conditions for 60 days to investigate the impact shading has on stem growth and biomass accumulation. Increased planting density induced a > 2-fold increase in sorghum internode length and a ~ 22% decrease in stem diameter, a typical shade avoidance response. Shade-induced internode elongation was due to an increase in cell length and number of cells spanning the length of internodes. SbGA3ox2 (Sobic.003G045900), a gene encoding the last step in GA biosynthesis, was expressed ~ 20-fold higher in leaf collar tissue of developing phytomers in plants grown at high vs. low density. Application of GA3 to bioenergy sorghum increased plant height, stem internode length, cell length and the number of cells spanning internodes. Prior research showed that sorghum plants lacking phytochrome B, a key photoreceptor involved in shade signaling, accumulated more GA1 and displayed shade avoidance phenotypes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increasing planting density induces expression of GA3-oxidase in leaf collar tissue, increasing synthesis of GA that stimulates internode elongation.Ka Man Jasmine YuBrian McKinleyWilliam L. RooneyJohn E. MulletNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ka Man Jasmine Yu Brian McKinley William L. Rooney John E. Mullet High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
description	Abstract The stems of bioenergy sorghum hybrids at harvest are > 4 m long, contain > 40 internodes and account for ~ 80% of harvested biomass. In this study, bioenergy sorghum hybrids were grown at four planting densities (~ 20,000 to 132,000 plants/ha) under field conditions for 60 days to investigate the impact shading has on stem growth and biomass accumulation. Increased planting density induced a > 2-fold increase in sorghum internode length and a ~ 22% decrease in stem diameter, a typical shade avoidance response. Shade-induced internode elongation was due to an increase in cell length and number of cells spanning the length of internodes. SbGA3ox2 (Sobic.003G045900), a gene encoding the last step in GA biosynthesis, was expressed ~ 20-fold higher in leaf collar tissue of developing phytomers in plants grown at high vs. low density. Application of GA3 to bioenergy sorghum increased plant height, stem internode length, cell length and the number of cells spanning internodes. Prior research showed that sorghum plants lacking phytochrome B, a key photoreceptor involved in shade signaling, accumulated more GA1 and displayed shade avoidance phenotypes. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that increasing planting density induces expression of GA3-oxidase in leaf collar tissue, increasing synthesis of GA that stimulates internode elongation.
format	article
author	Ka Man Jasmine Yu Brian McKinley William L. Rooney John E. Mullet
author_facet	Ka Man Jasmine Yu Brian McKinley William L. Rooney John E. Mullet
author_sort	Ka Man Jasmine Yu
title	High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
title_short	High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
title_full	High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
title_fullStr	High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
title_full_unstemmed	High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
title_sort	high planting density induces the expression of ga3-oxidase in leaves and ga mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ac1cf47b859c41fcbd997855a2b55d4e
work_keys_str_mv	AT kamanjasmineyu highplantingdensityinducestheexpressionofga3oxidaseinleavesandgamediatedstemelongationinbioenergysorghum AT brianmckinley highplantingdensityinducestheexpressionofga3oxidaseinleavesandgamediatedstemelongationinbioenergysorghum AT williamlrooney highplantingdensityinducestheexpressionofga3oxidaseinleavesandgamediatedstemelongationinbioenergysorghum AT johnemullet highplantingdensityinducestheexpressionofga3oxidaseinleavesandgamediatedstemelongationinbioenergysorghum
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High planting density induces the expression of GA3-oxidase in leaves and GA mediated stem elongation in bioenergy sorghum

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