Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept

ABSTRACT The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts) with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution. Multicellular organisms can no longer be considered individuals by the classical definitions of the term. Every nat...

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Autores principales:	Eugene Rosenberg, Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2016
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ac23f2a13e0f4363bf74d286ea09c301
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ac23f2a13e0f4363bf74d286ea09c3012021-11-15T15:41:42ZMicrobes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept10.1128/mBio.01395-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/ac23f2a13e0f4363bf74d286ea09c3012016-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01395-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts) with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution. Multicellular organisms can no longer be considered individuals by the classical definitions of the term. Every natural animal and plant is a holobiont consisting of the host and diverse symbiotic microbes and viruses. Microbial symbionts can be transmitted from parent to offspring by a variety of methods, including via cytoplasmic inheritance, coprophagy, direct contact during and after birth, and the environment. A large number of studies have demonstrated that these symbionts contribute to the anatomy, physiology, development, innate and adaptive immunity, and behavior and finally also to genetic variation and to the origin and evolution of species. Acquisition of microbes and microbial genes is a powerful mechanism for driving the evolution of complexity. Evolution proceeds both via cooperation and competition, working in parallel.Eugene RosenbergIlana Zilber-RosenbergAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 7, Iss 2 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Eugene Rosenberg Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
description	ABSTRACT The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts) with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution. Multicellular organisms can no longer be considered individuals by the classical definitions of the term. Every natural animal and plant is a holobiont consisting of the host and diverse symbiotic microbes and viruses. Microbial symbionts can be transmitted from parent to offspring by a variety of methods, including via cytoplasmic inheritance, coprophagy, direct contact during and after birth, and the environment. A large number of studies have demonstrated that these symbionts contribute to the anatomy, physiology, development, innate and adaptive immunity, and behavior and finally also to genetic variation and to the origin and evolution of species. Acquisition of microbes and microbial genes is a powerful mechanism for driving the evolution of complexity. Evolution proceeds both via cooperation and competition, working in parallel.
format	article
author	Eugene Rosenberg Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
author_facet	Eugene Rosenberg Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg
author_sort	Eugene Rosenberg
title	Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
title_short	Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
title_full	Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
title_fullStr	Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
title_full_unstemmed	Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
title_sort	microbes drive evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome concept
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/ac23f2a13e0f4363bf74d286ea09c301
work_keys_str_mv	AT eugenerosenberg microbesdriveevolutionofanimalsandplantsthehologenomeconcept AT ilanazilberrosenberg microbesdriveevolutionofanimalsandplantsthehologenomeconcept
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Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept

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