Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters

Abstract Recreational waters are primary attractions at many national and state parks where feral swine populations are established, and thus are possible hotspots for visitor exposure to feral swine contaminants. Microbial source tracking (MST) was used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of...

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Autores principales:	Anna M. McKee, Paul M. Bradley, David Shelley, Shea McCarthy, Marirosa Molina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ac4fda18a83c44cea51abc19b11d4f05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ac4fda18a83c44cea51abc19b11d4f052021-12-02T10:54:30ZFeral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters10.1038/s41598-021-83798-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ac4fda18a83c44cea51abc19b11d4f052021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83798-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Recreational waters are primary attractions at many national and state parks where feral swine populations are established, and thus are possible hotspots for visitor exposure to feral swine contaminants. Microbial source tracking (MST) was used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of fecal contamination in Congaree National Park (CONG) in South Carolina, U.S.A., which has an established population of feral swine and is a popular destination for water-based recreation. Water samples were collected between December 2017 and June 2019 from 18 surface water sites distributed throughout CONG. Host specific MST markers included human (HF183), swine (Pig2Bac), ruminant (Rum2Bac), cow (CowM3), chicken (CL), and a marker for shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC; stx2). Water samples were also screened for culturable Escherichia coli (E. coli) as part of a citizen science program. Neither the cow nor chicken MST markers were detected during the study. The human marker was predominantly detected at boundary sites or could be attributed to upstream sources. However, several detections within CONG without concurrent detections at upstream external sites suggested occasional internal contamination from humans. The swine marker was the most frequently detected of all MST markers, and was present at sites located both internal and external to the Park. Swine MST marker concentrations ≥ 43 gene copies/mL were associated with culturable E. coli concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beach action value for recreational waters. None of the MST markers showed a strong association with detection of the pathogenic marker (stx2). Limited information about the health risk from exposure to fecal contamination from non-human sources hampers interpretation of the human health implications.Anna M. McKeePaul M. BradleyDavid ShelleyShea McCarthyMarirosa MolinaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Anna M. McKee Paul M. Bradley David Shelley Shea McCarthy Marirosa Molina Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
description	Abstract Recreational waters are primary attractions at many national and state parks where feral swine populations are established, and thus are possible hotspots for visitor exposure to feral swine contaminants. Microbial source tracking (MST) was used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of fecal contamination in Congaree National Park (CONG) in South Carolina, U.S.A., which has an established population of feral swine and is a popular destination for water-based recreation. Water samples were collected between December 2017 and June 2019 from 18 surface water sites distributed throughout CONG. Host specific MST markers included human (HF183), swine (Pig2Bac), ruminant (Rum2Bac), cow (CowM3), chicken (CL), and a marker for shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC; stx2). Water samples were also screened for culturable Escherichia coli (E. coli) as part of a citizen science program. Neither the cow nor chicken MST markers were detected during the study. The human marker was predominantly detected at boundary sites or could be attributed to upstream sources. However, several detections within CONG without concurrent detections at upstream external sites suggested occasional internal contamination from humans. The swine marker was the most frequently detected of all MST markers, and was present at sites located both internal and external to the Park. Swine MST marker concentrations ≥ 43 gene copies/mL were associated with culturable E. coli concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency beach action value for recreational waters. None of the MST markers showed a strong association with detection of the pathogenic marker (stx2). Limited information about the health risk from exposure to fecal contamination from non-human sources hampers interpretation of the human health implications.
format	article
author	Anna M. McKee Paul M. Bradley David Shelley Shea McCarthy Marirosa Molina
author_facet	Anna M. McKee Paul M. Bradley David Shelley Shea McCarthy Marirosa Molina
author_sort	Anna M. McKee
title	Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
title_short	Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
title_full	Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
title_fullStr	Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
title_full_unstemmed	Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
title_sort	feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ac4fda18a83c44cea51abc19b11d4f05
work_keys_str_mv	AT annammckee feralswineassourcesoffecalcontaminationinrecreationalwaters AT paulmbradley feralswineassourcesoffecalcontaminationinrecreationalwaters AT davidshelley feralswineassourcesoffecalcontaminationinrecreationalwaters AT sheamccarthy feralswineassourcesoffecalcontaminationinrecreationalwaters AT marirosamolina feralswineassourcesoffecalcontaminationinrecreationalwaters
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Feral swine as sources of fecal contamination in recreational waters

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