Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices

Abstract Radioactive radon gas inhalation is a major cause of lung cancer worldwide and is a consequence of the built environment. The average radon level of properties built in a given period (their ‘innate radon risk’) varies over time and by region, although the underlying reasons for these diffe...

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Autores principales:	Selim M. Khan, Dustin D. Pearson, Tryggve Rönnqvist, Markus E. Nielsen, Joshua M. Taron, Aaron A. Goodarzi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ac5da81a83d24f14b6e9fa0bbaade470
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ac5da81a83d24f14b6e9fa0bbaade4702021-12-02T19:09:20ZRising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices10.1038/s41598-021-96928-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ac5da81a83d24f14b6e9fa0bbaade4702021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96928-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Radioactive radon gas inhalation is a major cause of lung cancer worldwide and is a consequence of the built environment. The average radon level of properties built in a given period (their ‘innate radon risk’) varies over time and by region, although the underlying reasons for these differences are unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed long term radon tests and buildings from 25,489 Canadian to 38,596 Swedish residential properties constructed after 1945. While Canadian and Swedish properties built from 1970 to 1980s are comparable (96–103 Bq/m3), innate radon risks subsequently diverge, rising in Canada and falling in Sweden such that Canadian houses built in the 2010–2020s have 467% greater radon (131 Bq/m3) versus Swedish equivalents (28 Bq/m3). These trends are consistent across distinct building types, and regional subdivisions. The introduction of energy efficiency measures (such as heat recovery ventilation) within each nation’s build codes are independent of radon fluctuations over time. Deep learning-based models forecast that (without intervention) the average Canadian residential radon level will increase to 176 Bq/m3 by 2050. Provisions in the 2010 Canada Build Code have not significantly reduced innate radon risks, highlighting the urgency of novel code interventions to achieve systemic radon reduction and cancer prevention in Canada.Selim M. KhanDustin D. PearsonTryggve RönnqvistMarkus E. NielsenJoshua M. TaronAaron A. GoodarziNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Selim M. Khan Dustin D. Pearson Tryggve Rönnqvist Markus E. Nielsen Joshua M. Taron Aaron A. Goodarzi Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
description	Abstract Radioactive radon gas inhalation is a major cause of lung cancer worldwide and is a consequence of the built environment. The average radon level of properties built in a given period (their ‘innate radon risk’) varies over time and by region, although the underlying reasons for these differences are unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed long term radon tests and buildings from 25,489 Canadian to 38,596 Swedish residential properties constructed after 1945. While Canadian and Swedish properties built from 1970 to 1980s are comparable (96–103 Bq/m3), innate radon risks subsequently diverge, rising in Canada and falling in Sweden such that Canadian houses built in the 2010–2020s have 467% greater radon (131 Bq/m3) versus Swedish equivalents (28 Bq/m3). These trends are consistent across distinct building types, and regional subdivisions. The introduction of energy efficiency measures (such as heat recovery ventilation) within each nation’s build codes are independent of radon fluctuations over time. Deep learning-based models forecast that (without intervention) the average Canadian residential radon level will increase to 176 Bq/m3 by 2050. Provisions in the 2010 Canada Build Code have not significantly reduced innate radon risks, highlighting the urgency of novel code interventions to achieve systemic radon reduction and cancer prevention in Canada.
format	article
author	Selim M. Khan Dustin D. Pearson Tryggve Rönnqvist Markus E. Nielsen Joshua M. Taron Aaron A. Goodarzi
author_facet	Selim M. Khan Dustin D. Pearson Tryggve Rönnqvist Markus E. Nielsen Joshua M. Taron Aaron A. Goodarzi
author_sort	Selim M. Khan
title	Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
title_short	Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
title_full	Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
title_fullStr	Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
title_full_unstemmed	Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
title_sort	rising canadian and falling swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ac5da81a83d24f14b6e9fa0bbaade470
work_keys_str_mv	AT selimmkhan risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices AT dustindpearson risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices AT tryggveronnqvist risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices AT markusenielsen risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices AT joshuamtaron risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices AT aaronagoodarzi risingcanadianandfallingswedishradongasexposureasaconsequenceof20thto21stcenturyresidentialbuildpractices
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Rising Canadian and falling Swedish radon gas exposure as a consequence of 20th to 21st century residential build practices

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