A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation

The consideration of the Achilles tendon (AT) curvature is crucial for the precise determination of AT length and strain. We previously established an ultrasound-kinematic-based method to quantify the curvature, using a line of reflective foil skin markers covering the AT from origin to insertion. T...

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Autores principales:	Mohamadreza Kharazi, Christos Theodorakis, Falk Mersmann, Adamantios Arampatzis, Sebastian Bohm
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Achilles tendon tendon elongation tendon strain walking and running ultrasound Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/acb075ef13364e1f87ee0089e3cce537
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:acb075ef13364e1f87ee0089e3cce5372021-11-11T19:18:59ZA Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation10.3390/s212173871424-8220https://doaj.org/article/acb075ef13364e1f87ee0089e3cce5372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7387https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The consideration of the Achilles tendon (AT) curvature is crucial for the precise determination of AT length and strain. We previously established an ultrasound-kinematic-based method to quantify the curvature, using a line of reflective foil skin markers covering the AT from origin to insertion. The current study aimed to simplify the method by reducing the number of markers while maintaining high accuracy. Eleven participants walked (1.4 m/s) and ran (2.5, 3.5 m/s) on a treadmill, and the AT curvature was quantified using reflective foil markers aligned with the AT between the origin on the gastrocnemius myotendinous-junction (tracked by ultrasound) and a marker on the calcaneal insertion. Foil markers were then systematically removed, and the introduced error on the assessment of AT length and strain was calculated. We found a significant main effect of marker number on the measurement error of AT length and strain (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.001</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Using more than 30% of the full marker-set for walking and 50% for running, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the AT length error saturated, corresponding to average errors of <0.1 mm and <0.15% strain. Therefore, a substantially reduced marker-set, associated with a marginal error, can be recommended for considering the AT curvature in the determination of AT length and strain.Mohamadreza KharaziChristos TheodorakisFalk MersmannAdamantios ArampatzisSebastian BohmMDPI AGarticleAchilles tendontendon elongationtendon strainwalking and runningultrasoundChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7387, p 7387 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Achilles tendon tendon elongation tendon strain walking and running ultrasound Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	Achilles tendon tendon elongation tendon strain walking and running ultrasound Chemical technology TP1-1185 Mohamadreza Kharazi Christos Theodorakis Falk Mersmann Adamantios Arampatzis Sebastian Bohm A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
description	The consideration of the Achilles tendon (AT) curvature is crucial for the precise determination of AT length and strain. We previously established an ultrasound-kinematic-based method to quantify the curvature, using a line of reflective foil skin markers covering the AT from origin to insertion. The current study aimed to simplify the method by reducing the number of markers while maintaining high accuracy. Eleven participants walked (1.4 m/s) and ran (2.5, 3.5 m/s) on a treadmill, and the AT curvature was quantified using reflective foil markers aligned with the AT between the origin on the gastrocnemius myotendinous-junction (tracked by ultrasound) and a marker on the calcaneal insertion. Foil markers were then systematically removed, and the introduced error on the assessment of AT length and strain was calculated. We found a significant main effect of marker number on the measurement error of AT length and strain (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.001</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Using more than 30% of the full marker-set for walking and 50% for running, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the AT length error saturated, corresponding to average errors of <0.1 mm and <0.15% strain. Therefore, a substantially reduced marker-set, associated with a marginal error, can be recommended for considering the AT curvature in the determination of AT length and strain.
format	article
author	Mohamadreza Kharazi Christos Theodorakis Falk Mersmann Adamantios Arampatzis Sebastian Bohm
author_facet	Mohamadreza Kharazi Christos Theodorakis Falk Mersmann Adamantios Arampatzis Sebastian Bohm
author_sort	Mohamadreza Kharazi
title	A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
title_short	A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
title_full	A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
title_fullStr	A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
title_full_unstemmed	A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation
title_sort	simplified method for considering achilles tendon curvature in the assessment of tendon elongation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/acb075ef13364e1f87ee0089e3cce537
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A Simplified Method for Considering Achilles Tendon Curvature in the Assessment of Tendon Elongation

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