Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar

Radars operating in the HF band are widely used for over-the-horizon remote sensing of ocean surface conditions, ionospheric studies and the monitoring of ship and aircraft traffic. Several hundreds of such radars are in operation, yet only a handful of experiments have been conducted to assess the...

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Autor principal:	Stuart Anderson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	HF radar OTH radar sea ice marginal ice zone Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad0467b303ac4a82a6b937b8ff589191
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:ad0467b303ac4a82a6b937b8ff589191
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad0467b303ac4a82a6b937b8ff5891912021-11-11T18:55:31ZRemote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar10.3390/rs132143982072-4292https://doaj.org/article/ad0467b303ac4a82a6b937b8ff5891912021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4398https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292Radars operating in the HF band are widely used for over-the-horizon remote sensing of ocean surface conditions, ionospheric studies and the monitoring of ship and aircraft traffic. Several hundreds of such radars are in operation, yet only a handful of experiments have been conducted to assess the prospect of utilizing this technology for the remote sensing of sea ice. Even then, the measurements carried out have addressed only the most basic questions: is there ice present, and can we measure its drift? Recently the theory that describes HF scattering from the dynamic sea surface was extended to handle situations where an ice cover is present. With this new tool, it becomes feasible to interpret the corresponding radar echoes in terms of the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of the ice field. In this paper we look briefly at ice sensing from space-borne sensors before showing how the persistent and synoptic wide area surveillance capabilities of HF radar offer an alternative. The dispersion relations of different forms of sea ice are examined and used in a modified implementation of the electromagnetic scattering theory employed in HF radar oceanography to compute the corresponding radar signatures. Previous and present-day HF radar deployments at high latitudes are reviewed, noting the physical and technical challenges that confront the implementation of an operational HF radar in its ice monitoring capability.Stuart AndersonMDPI AGarticleHF radarOTH radarsea icemarginal ice zoneScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4398, p 4398 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HF radar OTH radar sea ice marginal ice zone Science Q
spellingShingle	HF radar OTH radar sea ice marginal ice zone Science Q Stuart Anderson Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
description	Radars operating in the HF band are widely used for over-the-horizon remote sensing of ocean surface conditions, ionospheric studies and the monitoring of ship and aircraft traffic. Several hundreds of such radars are in operation, yet only a handful of experiments have been conducted to assess the prospect of utilizing this technology for the remote sensing of sea ice. Even then, the measurements carried out have addressed only the most basic questions: is there ice present, and can we measure its drift? Recently the theory that describes HF scattering from the dynamic sea surface was extended to handle situations where an ice cover is present. With this new tool, it becomes feasible to interpret the corresponding radar echoes in terms of the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of the ice field. In this paper we look briefly at ice sensing from space-borne sensors before showing how the persistent and synoptic wide area surveillance capabilities of HF radar offer an alternative. The dispersion relations of different forms of sea ice are examined and used in a modified implementation of the electromagnetic scattering theory employed in HF radar oceanography to compute the corresponding radar signatures. Previous and present-day HF radar deployments at high latitudes are reviewed, noting the physical and technical challenges that confront the implementation of an operational HF radar in its ice monitoring capability.
format	article
author	Stuart Anderson
author_facet	Stuart Anderson
author_sort	Stuart Anderson
title	Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
title_short	Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
title_full	Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
title_fullStr	Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
title_full_unstemmed	Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar
title_sort	remote sensing of the polar ice zones with hf radar
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad0467b303ac4a82a6b937b8ff589191
work_keys_str_mv	AT stuartanderson remotesensingofthepolaricezoneswithhfradar
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Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar

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