Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease and the main cause of pain and disability in elderly people. OA currently represents a significant social health problem, since it affects 250 million individuals worldwide, mainly adults aged over 65. Although OA is a multifactori...

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Autores principales:	Lorenzo Moretti, Davide Bizzoca, Giovanni Angelo Giancaspro, Giuseppe Danilo Cassano, Francesco Moretti, Stefania Setti, Biagio Moretti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	PEMF ESWT biophysical stimulation extracorporeal shock wave therapy cartilage bone Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad1c4ec2f83a495881000b56b9f9cc4b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad1c4ec2f83a495881000b56b9f9cc4b2021-11-25T18:18:34ZBiophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review10.3390/medicina571112061648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/ad1c4ec2f83a495881000b56b9f9cc4b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1206https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease and the main cause of pain and disability in elderly people. OA currently represents a significant social health problem, since it affects 250 million individuals worldwide, mainly adults aged over 65. Although OA is a multifactorial disease, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, it is reported that joint degeneration has a higher prevalence in former athletes. Repetitive impact and loading, joint overuse and recurrent injuries followed by a rapid return to the sport might explain athletes’ predisposition to joint articular degeneration. In recent years, however, big efforts have been made to improve the prevention and management of sports injuries and to speed up the athletes’ return-to-sport. Biophysics is the study of biological processes and systems using physics-based methods or based on physical principles. Clinical biophysics has recently evolved as a medical branch that investigates the relationship between the human body and non-ionizing physical energy. A physical stimulus triggers a biological response by regulating specific intracellular pathways, thus acting as a drug. Preclinical and clinical trials have shown positive effects of biophysical stimulation on articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovia. This review aims to assess the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the prevention and treatment of joint degeneration in athletes.Lorenzo MorettiDavide BizzocaGiovanni Angelo GiancasproGiuseppe Danilo CassanoFrancesco MorettiStefania SettiBiagio MorettiMDPI AGarticlePEMFESWTbiophysical stimulationextracorporeal shock wave therapycartilageboneMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1206, p 1206 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	PEMF ESWT biophysical stimulation extracorporeal shock wave therapy cartilage bone Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	PEMF ESWT biophysical stimulation extracorporeal shock wave therapy cartilage bone Medicine (General) R5-920 Lorenzo Moretti Davide Bizzoca Giovanni Angelo Giancaspro Giuseppe Danilo Cassano Francesco Moretti Stefania Setti Biagio Moretti Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
description	Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease and the main cause of pain and disability in elderly people. OA currently represents a significant social health problem, since it affects 250 million individuals worldwide, mainly adults aged over 65. Although OA is a multifactorial disease, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, it is reported that joint degeneration has a higher prevalence in former athletes. Repetitive impact and loading, joint overuse and recurrent injuries followed by a rapid return to the sport might explain athletes’ predisposition to joint articular degeneration. In recent years, however, big efforts have been made to improve the prevention and management of sports injuries and to speed up the athletes’ return-to-sport. Biophysics is the study of biological processes and systems using physics-based methods or based on physical principles. Clinical biophysics has recently evolved as a medical branch that investigates the relationship between the human body and non-ionizing physical energy. A physical stimulus triggers a biological response by regulating specific intracellular pathways, thus acting as a drug. Preclinical and clinical trials have shown positive effects of biophysical stimulation on articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovia. This review aims to assess the role of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in the prevention and treatment of joint degeneration in athletes.
format	article
author	Lorenzo Moretti Davide Bizzoca Giovanni Angelo Giancaspro Giuseppe Danilo Cassano Francesco Moretti Stefania Setti Biagio Moretti
author_facet	Lorenzo Moretti Davide Bizzoca Giovanni Angelo Giancaspro Giuseppe Danilo Cassano Francesco Moretti Stefania Setti Biagio Moretti
author_sort	Lorenzo Moretti
title	Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
title_short	Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
title_full	Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr	Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed	Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review
title_sort	biophysical stimulation in athletes’ joint degeneration: a narrative review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad1c4ec2f83a495881000b56b9f9cc4b
work_keys_str_mv	AT lorenzomoretti biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT davidebizzoca biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT giovanniangelogiancaspro biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT giuseppedanilocassano biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT francescomoretti biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT stefaniasetti biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview AT biagiomoretti biophysicalstimulationinathletesjointdegenerationanarrativereview
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Biophysical Stimulation in Athletes’ Joint Degeneration: A Narrative Review

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