Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

Abstract Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as a major public health issue and leading cause of neonatal death. Almost one in four newborns are reported as underweight in Pakistan. Children born with low birth weight are highly vulnerable to develop diseases and death and/or remain undernourished...

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Autores principales:	Faisal Abbas, Ramesh Kumar, Tahir Mahmood, Ratana Somrongthong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad1d4200022f429388bd6d4301611fd5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad1d4200022f429388bd6d4301611fd52021-12-02T18:37:11ZImpact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach10.1038/s41598-021-98924-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ad1d4200022f429388bd6d4301611fd52021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98924-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as a major public health issue and leading cause of neonatal death. Almost one in four newborns are reported as underweight in Pakistan. Children born with low birth weight are highly vulnerable to develop diseases and death and/or remain undernourished (i.e., stunted and wasted). This study determines the LBW newborns are more prone to develop stunting and wasting in province of Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, regression-based estimation of the impact of LBW on the child health outcomes of under five years of age, may be prone to selection bias because of the nature of non-experimental data set, thus, propensity score matching methods are used in this study. Data for this study was used from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS-2014). MICS is a two-stage, stratified cluster sampling household level data covering urban and rural areas and consists of 19,500 households from five administrative divisions and 28 districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. The total sample size of children less than five years of age after cleaning the data are 7781, of which 2095 are LBW having birth weight categorized as “smaller than average and very small” and 5686 are normal birth weight (NBW) having birth weight very large, larger than average, and average. This study employed propensity score matching (PSM) regression methods to understand whether the children born as low birth weight are more prone to stunting and wasting and/or both. In province of Sindh, moderate wasting children under five years were 21%, severe wasting 6% and both wasting and stunting 10%. The propensity score results are shown significant in all groups. Specifically, all four types of PSM methods confirm a significant difference in the potential outcome variables—meaning that a child born with LBW has a significant adverse effect on the potential child health outcome variables (stunting, wasting and both). Thus, the propensity score matching findings confirm a significant and adverse effect of LBW on potential health outcomes of under five children. Similarly, low birth weight children are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.3–1.6) and severely wasted (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–2.0) and both (stunted and wasted, OR = 2.0, CI = 1.7–2.3) as compared to children with normal birth weight. Male children, if born with low birth weight, are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) and both (wasted and stunted, OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) than girls. This large data analysis finding proved that the LBW newborns are on higher risk to develop wasting and stunting in Pakistan.Faisal AbbasRamesh KumarTahir MahmoodRatana SomrongthongNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Faisal Abbas Ramesh Kumar Tahir Mahmood Ratana Somrongthong Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
description	Abstract Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as a major public health issue and leading cause of neonatal death. Almost one in four newborns are reported as underweight in Pakistan. Children born with low birth weight are highly vulnerable to develop diseases and death and/or remain undernourished (i.e., stunted and wasted). This study determines the LBW newborns are more prone to develop stunting and wasting in province of Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, regression-based estimation of the impact of LBW on the child health outcomes of under five years of age, may be prone to selection bias because of the nature of non-experimental data set, thus, propensity score matching methods are used in this study. Data for this study was used from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS-2014). MICS is a two-stage, stratified cluster sampling household level data covering urban and rural areas and consists of 19,500 households from five administrative divisions and 28 districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. The total sample size of children less than five years of age after cleaning the data are 7781, of which 2095 are LBW having birth weight categorized as “smaller than average and very small” and 5686 are normal birth weight (NBW) having birth weight very large, larger than average, and average. This study employed propensity score matching (PSM) regression methods to understand whether the children born as low birth weight are more prone to stunting and wasting and/or both. In province of Sindh, moderate wasting children under five years were 21%, severe wasting 6% and both wasting and stunting 10%. The propensity score results are shown significant in all groups. Specifically, all four types of PSM methods confirm a significant difference in the potential outcome variables—meaning that a child born with LBW has a significant adverse effect on the potential child health outcome variables (stunting, wasting and both). Thus, the propensity score matching findings confirm a significant and adverse effect of LBW on potential health outcomes of under five children. Similarly, low birth weight children are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.3–1.6) and severely wasted (OR = 1.6, CI = 1.3–2.0) and both (stunted and wasted, OR = 2.0, CI = 1.7–2.3) as compared to children with normal birth weight. Male children, if born with low birth weight, are significantly more likely to be moderately wasted (OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) and both (wasted and stunted, OR = 1.3, CI = 1.1–1.5) than girls. This large data analysis finding proved that the LBW newborns are on higher risk to develop wasting and stunting in Pakistan.
format	article
author	Faisal Abbas Ramesh Kumar Tahir Mahmood Ratana Somrongthong
author_facet	Faisal Abbas Ramesh Kumar Tahir Mahmood Ratana Somrongthong
author_sort	Faisal Abbas
title	Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
title_short	Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
title_full	Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
title_fullStr	Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
title_sort	impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in sindh province of pakistan: a propensity score matching approach
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad1d4200022f429388bd6d4301611fd5
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Impact of children born with low birth weight on stunting and wasting in Sindh province of Pakistan: a propensity score matching approach

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