Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities

Abstract Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermea...

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Autores principales:	Thomas Lang, Jack J.W.A. Van Loon, Susan Bloomfield, Laurence Vico, Angele Chopard, Joern Rittweger, Antonios Kyparos, Dieter Blottner, Ilkka Vuori, Rupert Gerzer, Peter R. Cavanagh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad330d8497ed4867875f9182e6021648
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad330d8497ed4867875f9182e60216482021-12-02T15:18:48ZTowards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities10.1038/s41526-017-0013-02373-8065https://doaj.org/article/ad330d8497ed4867875f9182e60216482017-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0https://doaj.org/toc/2373-8065Abstract Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia.Thomas LangJack J.W.A. Van LoonSusan BloomfieldLaurence VicoAngele ChopardJoern RittwegerAntonios KyparosDieter BlottnerIlkka VuoriRupert GerzerPeter R. CavanaghNature PortfolioarticleBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65PhysiologyQP1-981ENnpj Microgravity, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981
spellingShingle	Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Physiology QP1-981 Thomas Lang Jack J.W.A. Van Loon Susan Bloomfield Laurence Vico Angele Chopard Joern Rittweger Antonios Kyparos Dieter Blottner Ilkka Vuori Rupert Gerzer Peter R. Cavanagh Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
description	Abstract Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
format	article
author	Thomas Lang Jack J.W.A. Van Loon Susan Bloomfield Laurence Vico Angele Chopard Joern Rittweger Antonios Kyparos Dieter Blottner Ilkka Vuori Rupert Gerzer Peter R. Cavanagh
author_facet	Thomas Lang Jack J.W.A. Van Loon Susan Bloomfield Laurence Vico Angele Chopard Joern Rittweger Antonios Kyparos Dieter Blottner Ilkka Vuori Rupert Gerzer Peter R. Cavanagh
author_sort	Thomas Lang
title	Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
title_short	Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
title_full	Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
title_fullStr	Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
title_full_unstemmed	Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
title_sort	towards human exploration of space: the theseus review series on muscle and bone research priorities
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad330d8497ed4867875f9182e6021648
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Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities

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