Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).

<h4>Background</h4>Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina). In Côte d'Ivoire, Bonon is the most important focus of gHAT, with 325 cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 and...

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Autores principales:	Dramane Kaba, Vincent Djohan, Djakaridja Berté, Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta, Richard Selby, Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio, Bamoro Coulibaly, Gabehonron Traoré, Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse, Pierre Fauret, Vincent Jamonneau, Kouakou Lingue, Phillipe Solano, Steve J Torr, Fabrice Courtin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad37df0335664e87b9c1d40e82d1cd6d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad37df0335664e87b9c1d40e82d1cd6d2021-11-25T06:31:44ZUse of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009404https://doaj.org/article/ad37df0335664e87b9c1d40e82d1cd6d2021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009404https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina). In Côte d'Ivoire, Bonon is the most important focus of gHAT, with 325 cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 and efforts against gHAT have relied largely on mass screening and treatment of human cases. We assessed whether the addition of tsetse control by deploying Tiny Targets offers benefit to sole reliance on the screen-and-treat strategy.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>In 2015, we performed a census of the human population of the Bonon focus, followed by an exhaustive entomological survey at 278 sites. After a public sensitization campaign, ~2000 Tiny Targets were deployed across an area of 130 km2 in February of 2016, deployment was repeated annually in the same month of 2017 and 2018. The intervention's impact on tsetse was evaluated using a network of 30 traps which were operated for 48 hours at three-month intervals from March 2016 to December 2018. A second comprehensive entomological survey was performed in December 2018 with traps deployed at 274 of the sites used in 2015. Sub-samples of tsetse were dissected and examined microscopically for presence of trypanosomes. The census recorded 26,697 inhabitants residing in 331 settlements. Prior to the deployment of targets, the mean catch of tsetse from the 30 monitoring traps was 12.75 tsetse/trap (5.047-32.203, 95%CI), i.e. 6.4 tsetse/trap/day. Following the deployment of Tiny Targets, mean catches ranged between 0.06 (0.016-0.260, 95%CI) and 0.55 (0.166-1.794, 95%CI) tsetse/trap, i.e. 0.03-0.28 tsetse/trap/day. During the final extensive survey performed in December 2018, 52 tsetse were caught compared to 1,909 in 2015, with 11.6% (5/43) and 23.1% (101/437) infected with Trypanosoma respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The annual deployment of Tiny Targets in the gHAT focus of Bonon reduced the density of Glossina palpalis palpalis by >95%. Tiny Targets offer a powerful addition to current strategies towards eliminating gHAT from Côte d'Ivoire.Dramane KabaVincent DjohanDjakaridja BertéBi Tra Dieudonné TaRichard SelbyKoffi Alain De Marie KouadioBamoro CoulibalyGabehonron TraoréJean-Baptiste RayaissePierre FauretVincent JamonneauKouakou LinguePhillipe SolanoSteve J TorrFabrice CourtinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009404 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Dramane Kaba Vincent Djohan Djakaridja Berté Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta Richard Selby Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio Bamoro Coulibaly Gabehonron Traoré Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse Pierre Fauret Vincent Jamonneau Kouakou Lingue Phillipe Solano Steve J Torr Fabrice Courtin Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
description	<h4>Background</h4>Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by tsetse flies (Glossina). In Côte d'Ivoire, Bonon is the most important focus of gHAT, with 325 cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2015 and efforts against gHAT have relied largely on mass screening and treatment of human cases. We assessed whether the addition of tsetse control by deploying Tiny Targets offers benefit to sole reliance on the screen-and-treat strategy.<h4>Methodology and principal findings</h4>In 2015, we performed a census of the human population of the Bonon focus, followed by an exhaustive entomological survey at 278 sites. After a public sensitization campaign, ~2000 Tiny Targets were deployed across an area of 130 km2 in February of 2016, deployment was repeated annually in the same month of 2017 and 2018. The intervention's impact on tsetse was evaluated using a network of 30 traps which were operated for 48 hours at three-month intervals from March 2016 to December 2018. A second comprehensive entomological survey was performed in December 2018 with traps deployed at 274 of the sites used in 2015. Sub-samples of tsetse were dissected and examined microscopically for presence of trypanosomes. The census recorded 26,697 inhabitants residing in 331 settlements. Prior to the deployment of targets, the mean catch of tsetse from the 30 monitoring traps was 12.75 tsetse/trap (5.047-32.203, 95%CI), i.e. 6.4 tsetse/trap/day. Following the deployment of Tiny Targets, mean catches ranged between 0.06 (0.016-0.260, 95%CI) and 0.55 (0.166-1.794, 95%CI) tsetse/trap, i.e. 0.03-0.28 tsetse/trap/day. During the final extensive survey performed in December 2018, 52 tsetse were caught compared to 1,909 in 2015, with 11.6% (5/43) and 23.1% (101/437) infected with Trypanosoma respectively.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The annual deployment of Tiny Targets in the gHAT focus of Bonon reduced the density of Glossina palpalis palpalis by >95%. Tiny Targets offer a powerful addition to current strategies towards eliminating gHAT from Côte d'Ivoire.
format	article
author	Dramane Kaba Vincent Djohan Djakaridja Berté Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta Richard Selby Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio Bamoro Coulibaly Gabehonron Traoré Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse Pierre Fauret Vincent Jamonneau Kouakou Lingue Phillipe Solano Steve J Torr Fabrice Courtin
author_facet	Dramane Kaba Vincent Djohan Djakaridja Berté Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta Richard Selby Koffi Alain De Marie Kouadio Bamoro Coulibaly Gabehonron Traoré Jean-Baptiste Rayaisse Pierre Fauret Vincent Jamonneau Kouakou Lingue Phillipe Solano Steve J Torr Fabrice Courtin
author_sort	Dramane Kaba
title	Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
title_short	Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
title_full	Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
title_fullStr	Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
title_full_unstemmed	Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).
title_sort	use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of bonon (côte d'ivoire).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad37df0335664e87b9c1d40e82d1cd6d
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Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).

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