Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken

ABSTRACT A gnotobiotic Gallus gallus (chicken) model was developed to study the dynamics of intestinal microflora from hatching to 18 days of age employing metagenomics. Intestinal samples were collected from a local population of feral chickens and administered orally to germfree 3-day-old chicks....

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Autores principales:	Milton Thomas, Supapit Wongkuna, Sudeep Ghimire, Roshan Kumar, Linto Antony, Kinchel C. Doerner, Aaron Singery, Eric Nelson, Tofuko Woyengo, Surang Chankhamhaengdecha, Tavan Janvilisri, Joy Scaria
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	Salmonella competetive exclusion feral chicken gnotobiotic metagenome microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad641c2a6f8e4e278127a858525c968e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad641c2a6f8e4e278127a858525c968e2021-11-15T15:22:22ZGut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken10.1128/mSphere.00035-192379-5042https://doaj.org/article/ad641c2a6f8e4e278127a858525c968e2019-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00035-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT A gnotobiotic Gallus gallus (chicken) model was developed to study the dynamics of intestinal microflora from hatching to 18 days of age employing metagenomics. Intestinal samples were collected from a local population of feral chickens and administered orally to germfree 3-day-old chicks. Animals were euthanized on days 9 and 18 postinoculation, and intestinal samples were collected and subjected to metagenomic analysis. On day 18, the five most prevalent phyla were Bacteroidetes (43.03 ± 3.19%), Firmicutes (38.51 ± 2.67%), Actinobacteria (6.77 ± 0.7%), Proteobacteria (6.38 ± 0.7%), and Spirochaetes (2.71 ± 0.55%). Principal-coordinate analysis showed that the day 18 variables clustered more closely than the day 9 variables, suggesting that the microbial communities had changed temporally. The Morista-Horn index values ranged from 0.7 to 1, indicating that the communities in the inoculum and in the day 9 and day 18 samples were more similar than dissimilar. The predicted functional profiles of the microbiomes of the inoculum and the day 9 and day 18 samples were also similar (values of 0.98 to 1). These results indicate that the gnotobiotic chicks stably maintained the phylogenetic diversity and predicted metabolic functionality of the inoculum community. IMPORTANCE The domestic chicken is the cornerstone of animal agriculture worldwide, with a flock population exceeding 40 billion birds/year. It serves as an economically valuable source of protein globally. The microbiome of poultry has important effects on chicken growth, feed conversion, immune status, and pathogen resistance. The aim of our research was to develop a gnotobiotic chicken model appropriate for the study chicken gut microbiota function. Our experimental model shows that young germfree chicks are able to colonize diverse sets of gut bacteria. Therefore, besides the use of this model to study mechanisms of gut microbiota interactions in the chicken gut, it could be also used for applied aspects such as determining the safety and efficacy of new probiotic strains derived from chicken gut microbiota.Milton ThomasSupapit WongkunaSudeep GhimireRoshan KumarLinto AntonyKinchel C. DoernerAaron SingeryEric NelsonTofuko WoyengoSurang ChankhamhaengdechaTavan JanvilisriJoy ScariaAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleSalmonellacompetetive exclusionferal chickengnotobioticmetagenomemicrobiotaMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Salmonella competetive exclusion feral chicken gnotobiotic metagenome microbiota Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Salmonella competetive exclusion feral chicken gnotobiotic metagenome microbiota Microbiology QR1-502 Milton Thomas Supapit Wongkuna Sudeep Ghimire Roshan Kumar Linto Antony Kinchel C. Doerner Aaron Singery Eric Nelson Tofuko Woyengo Surang Chankhamhaengdecha Tavan Janvilisri Joy Scaria Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
description	ABSTRACT A gnotobiotic Gallus gallus (chicken) model was developed to study the dynamics of intestinal microflora from hatching to 18 days of age employing metagenomics. Intestinal samples were collected from a local population of feral chickens and administered orally to germfree 3-day-old chicks. Animals were euthanized on days 9 and 18 postinoculation, and intestinal samples were collected and subjected to metagenomic analysis. On day 18, the five most prevalent phyla were Bacteroidetes (43.03 ± 3.19%), Firmicutes (38.51 ± 2.67%), Actinobacteria (6.77 ± 0.7%), Proteobacteria (6.38 ± 0.7%), and Spirochaetes (2.71 ± 0.55%). Principal-coordinate analysis showed that the day 18 variables clustered more closely than the day 9 variables, suggesting that the microbial communities had changed temporally. The Morista-Horn index values ranged from 0.7 to 1, indicating that the communities in the inoculum and in the day 9 and day 18 samples were more similar than dissimilar. The predicted functional profiles of the microbiomes of the inoculum and the day 9 and day 18 samples were also similar (values of 0.98 to 1). These results indicate that the gnotobiotic chicks stably maintained the phylogenetic diversity and predicted metabolic functionality of the inoculum community. IMPORTANCE The domestic chicken is the cornerstone of animal agriculture worldwide, with a flock population exceeding 40 billion birds/year. It serves as an economically valuable source of protein globally. The microbiome of poultry has important effects on chicken growth, feed conversion, immune status, and pathogen resistance. The aim of our research was to develop a gnotobiotic chicken model appropriate for the study chicken gut microbiota function. Our experimental model shows that young germfree chicks are able to colonize diverse sets of gut bacteria. Therefore, besides the use of this model to study mechanisms of gut microbiota interactions in the chicken gut, it could be also used for applied aspects such as determining the safety and efficacy of new probiotic strains derived from chicken gut microbiota.
format	article
author	Milton Thomas Supapit Wongkuna Sudeep Ghimire Roshan Kumar Linto Antony Kinchel C. Doerner Aaron Singery Eric Nelson Tofuko Woyengo Surang Chankhamhaengdecha Tavan Janvilisri Joy Scaria
author_facet	Milton Thomas Supapit Wongkuna Sudeep Ghimire Roshan Kumar Linto Antony Kinchel C. Doerner Aaron Singery Eric Nelson Tofuko Woyengo Surang Chankhamhaengdecha Tavan Janvilisri Joy Scaria
author_sort	Milton Thomas
title	Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
title_short	Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
title_full	Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
title_fullStr	Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
title_full_unstemmed	Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken
title_sort	gut microbial dynamics during conventionalization of germfree chicken
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad641c2a6f8e4e278127a858525c968e
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_version_	1718428025542934528

Gut Microbial Dynamics during Conventionalization of Germfree Chicken

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