Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study

Abstract The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of metabolic syndrome have shown superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and similar muscular strength as compared with the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentar...

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Autores principales:	Sheng-Huei Wang, Pei-Shou Chung, Yen-Po Lin, Kun-Zhe Tsai, Ssu-Chin Lin, Chia-Hao Fan, Yu-Kai Lin, Gen-Min Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad77ce9054084f51b169b62ad1a0fd7c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad77ce9054084f51b169b62ad1a0fd7c2021-12-02T13:41:34ZMetabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study10.1038/s41598-021-88728-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ad77ce9054084f51b169b62ad1a0fd7c2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88728-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of metabolic syndrome have shown superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and similar muscular strength as compared with the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentary behavior in the general population. This study utilized 3669 physically active military males aged 18–50 years in Taiwan. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy were respectively defined as body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 and presence of at least two major components of the metabolic syndrome, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Asian male adults. Four groups were accordingly classified as the metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n = 2510), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n = 331), MHO (n = 181) and MUO (n = 647). CRF was evaluated by time for a 3-km run, and muscular strengths were separately assessed by numbers of push-up and sit-up within 2 min. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the difference in each exercise performance between groups adjusting for age, service specialty, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. The metabolic syndrome prevalence in MUL and MUO was 49.8% and 47.6%, respectively. The performance of CRF did not differ between MHO and MUO (892.3 ± 5.4 s and 892.6 ± 3.0 s, p = 0.97) which were both inferior to MUL and MHL (875.2 ± 4.0 s and 848.6 ± 1.3 s, all p values < 0.05). The performance of muscular strengths evaluated by 2-min push-ups did not differ between MUL and MUO (45.3 ± 0.6 and 45.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.78) which were both less than MHO and MHL (48.4 ± 0.8 and 50.6 ± 0.2, all p values < 0.05). However, the performance of 2-min sit-ups were only superior in MHL (48.1 ± 0.1) as compared with MUL, MHO and MUO (45.9 ± 0.4, 46.7 ± 0.5 and 46.1 ± 0.3, respectively, all p values < 0.05). Our findings suggested that in a physically active male cohort, the MHO might have greater muscle strengths, but have similar CRF level compared with the MUO.Sheng-Huei WangPei-Shou ChungYen-Po LinKun-Zhe TsaiSsu-Chin LinChia-Hao FanYu-Kai LinGen-Min LinNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sheng-Huei Wang Pei-Shou Chung Yen-Po Lin Kun-Zhe Tsai Ssu-Chin Lin Chia-Hao Fan Yu-Kai Lin Gen-Min Lin Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
description	Abstract The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of metabolic syndrome have shown superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and similar muscular strength as compared with the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentary behavior in the general population. This study utilized 3669 physically active military males aged 18–50 years in Taiwan. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy were respectively defined as body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 and presence of at least two major components of the metabolic syndrome, according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Asian male adults. Four groups were accordingly classified as the metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n = 2510), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n = 331), MHO (n = 181) and MUO (n = 647). CRF was evaluated by time for a 3-km run, and muscular strengths were separately assessed by numbers of push-up and sit-up within 2 min. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the difference in each exercise performance between groups adjusting for age, service specialty, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. The metabolic syndrome prevalence in MUL and MUO was 49.8% and 47.6%, respectively. The performance of CRF did not differ between MHO and MUO (892.3 ± 5.4 s and 892.6 ± 3.0 s, p = 0.97) which were both inferior to MUL and MHL (875.2 ± 4.0 s and 848.6 ± 1.3 s, all p values < 0.05). The performance of muscular strengths evaluated by 2-min push-ups did not differ between MUL and MUO (45.3 ± 0.6 and 45.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.78) which were both less than MHO and MHL (48.4 ± 0.8 and 50.6 ± 0.2, all p values < 0.05). However, the performance of 2-min sit-ups were only superior in MHL (48.1 ± 0.1) as compared with MUL, MHO and MUO (45.9 ± 0.4, 46.7 ± 0.5 and 46.1 ± 0.3, respectively, all p values < 0.05). Our findings suggested that in a physically active male cohort, the MHO might have greater muscle strengths, but have similar CRF level compared with the MUO.
format	article
author	Sheng-Huei Wang Pei-Shou Chung Yen-Po Lin Kun-Zhe Tsai Ssu-Chin Lin Chia-Hao Fan Yu-Kai Lin Gen-Min Lin
author_facet	Sheng-Huei Wang Pei-Shou Chung Yen-Po Lin Kun-Zhe Tsai Ssu-Chin Lin Chia-Hao Fan Yu-Kai Lin Gen-Min Lin
author_sort	Sheng-Huei Wang
title	Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
title_short	Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
title_full	Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
title_fullStr	Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
title_full_unstemmed	Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study
title_sort	metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the chief study
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad77ce9054084f51b169b62ad1a0fd7c
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Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study

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