Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure

Maternal separation has been shown to disrupt proper brain development and maturation, having profound consequences on the neuroendocrine systems in charge of the stress response, and has been shown to induce behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. At the behavioral level, maternal separation has be...

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Autores principales:	Sara Mejía-Chávez, Arturo Venebra-Muñoz, Fabio García-García, Aleph Alejandro Corona-Morales, Arturo Enrique Orozco-Vargas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	social novelty nucleus accumbens medial prefronatal cortex reward medial amygala maternal separation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ad86330937ad4410947c593b4152509b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ad86330937ad4410947c593b4152509b2021-11-04T06:39:38ZMaternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure1662-515310.3389/fnbeh.2021.651263https://doaj.org/article/ad86330937ad4410947c593b4152509b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2021.651263/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1662-5153Maternal separation has been shown to disrupt proper brain development and maturation, having profound consequences on the neuroendocrine systems in charge of the stress response, and has been shown to induce behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. At the behavioral level, maternal separation has been shown to increase offensive play-fighting in juvenile individuals and reduce social interest in adulthood. Since most of the studies that have evaluated the consequences of maternal separation on social behavior have focused on behavioral analysis, there is a need for a further understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the changes in social behavior induced by maternal separation. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to assess the long-term effects of maternal separation on social interaction behavior and to assess the activity of several brain regions involved in the processing of social cues and reward upon social novelty exposure, using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neuronal activity. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 4 h maternal separation during the neonatal period, 9:00 h–13:00 h from postnatal day 1 to 21, and exposed to social novelty during adulthood. After social novelty exposure, brains were fixed and coronal sections of the medial amygdala, lateral septum (LS), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex were obtained for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Maternally separated rats spent less time investigating the novel peer, suggesting that maternal separation reduces social approach motivation. Furthermore, maternal separation reduced the number of c-Fos positive cells of the medial amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, LS, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex upon social novelty exposure. These findings suggest that maternal separation can reduce the plastic capacity of several brain nuclei, which constitute a physiological basis for the emergence of behavioral disorders presented later in life reported to be linked to early life adversity.Sara Mejía-ChávezArturo Venebra-MuñozFabio García-GarcíaAleph Alejandro Corona-MoralesArturo Enrique Orozco-VargasFrontiers Media S.A.articlesocial noveltynucleus accumbensmedial prefronatal cortexrewardmedial amygalamaternal separationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENFrontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	social novelty nucleus accumbens medial prefronatal cortex reward medial amygala maternal separation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	social novelty nucleus accumbens medial prefronatal cortex reward medial amygala maternal separation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Sara Mejía-Chávez Arturo Venebra-Muñoz Fabio García-García Aleph Alejandro Corona-Morales Arturo Enrique Orozco-Vargas Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
description	Maternal separation has been shown to disrupt proper brain development and maturation, having profound consequences on the neuroendocrine systems in charge of the stress response, and has been shown to induce behavioral and cognitive abnormalities. At the behavioral level, maternal separation has been shown to increase offensive play-fighting in juvenile individuals and reduce social interest in adulthood. Since most of the studies that have evaluated the consequences of maternal separation on social behavior have focused on behavioral analysis, there is a need for a further understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying the changes in social behavior induced by maternal separation. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to assess the long-term effects of maternal separation on social interaction behavior and to assess the activity of several brain regions involved in the processing of social cues and reward upon social novelty exposure, using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neuronal activity. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 4 h maternal separation during the neonatal period, 9:00 h–13:00 h from postnatal day 1 to 21, and exposed to social novelty during adulthood. After social novelty exposure, brains were fixed and coronal sections of the medial amygdala, lateral septum (LS), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex were obtained for c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Maternally separated rats spent less time investigating the novel peer, suggesting that maternal separation reduces social approach motivation. Furthermore, maternal separation reduced the number of c-Fos positive cells of the medial amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, LS, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex upon social novelty exposure. These findings suggest that maternal separation can reduce the plastic capacity of several brain nuclei, which constitute a physiological basis for the emergence of behavioral disorders presented later in life reported to be linked to early life adversity.
format	article
author	Sara Mejía-Chávez Arturo Venebra-Muñoz Fabio García-García Aleph Alejandro Corona-Morales Arturo Enrique Orozco-Vargas
author_facet	Sara Mejía-Chávez Arturo Venebra-Muñoz Fabio García-García Aleph Alejandro Corona-Morales Arturo Enrique Orozco-Vargas
author_sort	Sara Mejía-Chávez
title	Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
title_short	Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
title_full	Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
title_fullStr	Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
title_full_unstemmed	Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure
title_sort	maternal separation modifies the activity of social processing brain nuclei upon social novelty exposure
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ad86330937ad4410947c593b4152509b
work_keys_str_mv	AT saramejiachavez maternalseparationmodifiestheactivityofsocialprocessingbrainnucleiuponsocialnoveltyexposure AT arturovenebramunoz maternalseparationmodifiestheactivityofsocialprocessingbrainnucleiuponsocialnoveltyexposure AT fabiogarciagarcia maternalseparationmodifiestheactivityofsocialprocessingbrainnucleiuponsocialnoveltyexposure AT alephalejandrocoronamorales maternalseparationmodifiestheactivityofsocialprocessingbrainnucleiuponsocialnoveltyexposure AT arturoenriqueorozcovargas maternalseparationmodifiestheactivityofsocialprocessingbrainnucleiuponsocialnoveltyexposure
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Maternal Separation Modifies the Activity of Social Processing Brain Nuclei Upon Social Novelty Exposure

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