Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker

Abstract The tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical...

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Autores principales:	Skaidre Jankovskaja, Johan Engblom, Melinda Rezeli, György Marko-Varga, Tautgirdas Ruzgas, Sebastian Björklund
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/adb075fb242b4491a8d2ced12964cc68
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:adb075fb242b4491a8d2ced12964cc682021-12-02T14:01:22ZNon-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker10.1038/s41598-020-79903-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/adb075fb242b4491a8d2ced12964cc682021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79903-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.Skaidre JankovskajaJohan EngblomMelinda RezeliGyörgy Marko-VargaTautgirdas RuzgasSebastian BjörklundNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Skaidre Jankovskaja Johan Engblom Melinda Rezeli György Marko-Varga Tautgirdas Ruzgas Sebastian Björklund Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
description	Abstract The tryptophan to kynurenine ratio (Trp/Kyn) has been proposed as a cancer biomarker. Non-invasive topical sampling of Trp/Kyn can therefore serve as a promising concept for skin cancer diagnostics. By performing in vitro pig skin permeability studies, we conclude that non-invasive topical sampling of Trp and Kyn is feasible. We explore the influence of different experimental conditions, which are relevant for the clinical in vivo setting, such as pH variations, sampling time, and microbial degradation of Trp and Kyn. The permeabilities of Trp and Kyn are overall similar. However, the permeated Trp/Kyn ratio is generally higher than unity due to endogenous Trp, which should be taken into account to obtain a non-biased Trp/Kyn ratio accurately reflecting systemic concentrations. Additionally, prolonged sampling time is associated with bacterial Trp and Kyn degradation and should be considered in a clinical setting. Finally, the experimental results are supported by the four permeation pathways model, predicting that the hydrophilic Trp and Kyn molecules mainly permeate through lipid defects (i.e., the porous pathway). However, the hydrophobic indole ring of Trp is suggested to result in a small but noticeable relative increase of Trp diffusion via pathways across the SC lipid lamellae, while the shunt pathway is proposed to slightly favor permeation of Kyn relative to Trp.
format	article
author	Skaidre Jankovskaja Johan Engblom Melinda Rezeli György Marko-Varga Tautgirdas Ruzgas Sebastian Björklund
author_facet	Skaidre Jankovskaja Johan Engblom Melinda Rezeli György Marko-Varga Tautgirdas Ruzgas Sebastian Björklund
author_sort	Skaidre Jankovskaja
title	Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
title_short	Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
title_full	Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
title_fullStr	Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
title_full_unstemmed	Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
title_sort	non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/adb075fb242b4491a8d2ced12964cc68
work_keys_str_mv	AT skaidrejankovskaja noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker AT johanengblom noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker AT melindarezeli noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker AT gyorgymarkovarga noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker AT tautgirdasruzgas noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker AT sebastianbjorklund noninvasiveskinsamplingoftryptophankynurenineratioinvitrotowardsaskincancerbiomarker
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Non-invasive skin sampling of tryptophan/kynurenine ratio in vitro towards a skin cancer biomarker

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