Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer

<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer (ginseng) has shown immune-enhancing activity in many studies. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical properties of a polysaccharide fraction (SGP) purified from heat- processed ginseng and to evaluate its immune-enhancing activity us...

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Autores principales:	Sung Jin Kim, Myoung-Sook Shin, Minyeong Kim, Seung-Hoon Baek, Ki Sung Kang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer heat-processed polysaccharide innate immune enhancing Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/adb1922fba1c4c35927b1562ca629092
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:adb1922fba1c4c35927b1562ca6290922021-11-25T16:38:56ZCharacterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer10.3390/app1122108352076-3417https://doaj.org/article/adb1922fba1c4c35927b1562ca6290922021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/22/10835https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer (ginseng) has shown immune-enhancing activity in many studies. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical properties of a polysaccharide fraction (SGP) purified from heat- processed ginseng and to evaluate its immune-enhancing activity using RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SGP increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, SGP increased mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Immunoblotting results showed that SGP increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB subunit p65 at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL. Taken together, SGP can activate macrophages through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and it may help maintain homeostasis during viral and bacterial infections.Sung Jin KimMyoung-Sook ShinMinyeong KimSeung-Hoon BaekKi Sung KangMDPI AGarticle<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyerheat-processedpolysaccharideinnate immune enhancingTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10835, p 10835 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer heat-processed polysaccharide innate immune enhancing Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer heat-processed polysaccharide innate immune enhancing Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Sung Jin Kim Myoung-Sook Shin Minyeong Kim Seung-Hoon Baek Ki Sung Kang Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
description	<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer (ginseng) has shown immune-enhancing activity in many studies. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical properties of a polysaccharide fraction (SGP) purified from heat- processed ginseng and to evaluate its immune-enhancing activity using RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SGP increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, SGP increased mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Immunoblotting results showed that SGP increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB subunit p65 at 500 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL. Taken together, SGP can activate macrophages through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and it may help maintain homeostasis during viral and bacterial infections.
format	article
author	Sung Jin Kim Myoung-Sook Shin Minyeong Kim Seung-Hoon Baek Ki Sung Kang
author_facet	Sung Jin Kim Myoung-Sook Shin Minyeong Kim Seung-Hoon Baek Ki Sung Kang
author_sort	Sung Jin Kim
title	Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
title_short	Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
title_full	Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
title_fullStr	Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer
title_sort	characterization of an immune-enhancing polysaccharide fraction isolated from heat-processed ginseng derived from <i>panax ginseng</i> c.a. meyer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/adb1922fba1c4c35927b1562ca629092
work_keys_str_mv	AT sungjinkim characterizationofanimmuneenhancingpolysaccharidefractionisolatedfromheatprocessedginsengderivedfromipanaxginsengicameyer AT myoungsookshin characterizationofanimmuneenhancingpolysaccharidefractionisolatedfromheatprocessedginsengderivedfromipanaxginsengicameyer AT minyeongkim characterizationofanimmuneenhancingpolysaccharidefractionisolatedfromheatprocessedginsengderivedfromipanaxginsengicameyer AT seunghoonbaek characterizationofanimmuneenhancingpolysaccharidefractionisolatedfromheatprocessedginsengderivedfromipanaxginsengicameyer AT kisungkang characterizationofanimmuneenhancingpolysaccharidefractionisolatedfromheatprocessedginsengderivedfromipanaxginsengicameyer
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Characterization of an Immune-Enhancing Polysaccharide Fraction Isolated from Heat-Processed Ginseng Derived from <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer

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