Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study

Hala Ahmadieh,* Hadi Itani,* Sanaa Itani, Khaled Sidani, Mona Kassem, Kassem Farhat, Mohammad Jbeily, Abdallah Itani Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chroni...

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Autores principales:	Ahmadieh H, Itani H, Itani S, Sidani K, Kassem M, Farhat K, Jbeily M, Itani A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Glycemic Control Quality of Life Complications Glycosylated Hemoglobin Diabetes Depression. Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/adb75811ad0a4f34acaab4de3d3e2086
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:adb75811ad0a4f34acaab4de3d3e20862021-12-02T03:13:27ZDiabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/adb75811ad0a4f34acaab4de3d3e20862018-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/diabetes-and-depression-in-lebanon-and-association-with-glycemic-contr-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Hala Ahmadieh,* Hadi Itani,* Sanaa Itani, Khaled Sidani, Mona Kassem, Kassem Farhat, Mohammad Jbeily, Abdallah Itani Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic noncommunicable disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with chronic complications affecting the overall quality of life. As of 2017, the prevalence of diabetes in Lebanon is estimated to be 14.6%. Depression is noted to be common among Lebanese citizens, present in around 17.3%. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among the diabetic Lebanese citizens and to study its relationship with poor glycemic control and diabetes complications. Methods: In total, 436 diabetic patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes mellitus attending several private clinics and health care centers were asked to fill out a well-structured questionnaire developed by an expert. Depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The study collected demographic information about the participants including their lifestyles, their last reported glycosylated hemoglobin values, and their reported microvascular and macrovascular complications. Data were collected, entered, and analyzed on SPSS software version 23.1. A descriptive analysis is carried out by calculating the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and number and percentage for categorical ones. Association between categorical variables is evaluated using a chi-squared test. A P-value of <0.05 is considered to be significant. Results: Depression was prevalent among 28.8% of the patients with diabetes mellitus. The average age of participants was 64.08 years. In total, 280 (64.2%) of the participants were females and the average diabetes duration was 8.89 years. There was no significant relationship found between depression and glycemic control. By contrast, a significant association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke and depression was found. Conclusion: Depression was found to be present among 28.8% of the patients with diabetes mellitus in Lebanon; however, no association was established between depression and glycemic control. Keywords: glycemic control, quality of life, complications, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes, depressionAhmadieh HItani HItani SSidani KKassem MFarhat KJbeily MItani ADove Medical PressarticleGlycemic ControlQuality of LifeComplicationsGlycosylated HemoglobinDiabetesDepression.Specialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 11, Pp 717-728 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Glycemic Control Quality of Life Complications Glycosylated Hemoglobin Diabetes Depression. Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Glycemic Control Quality of Life Complications Glycosylated Hemoglobin Diabetes Depression. Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Ahmadieh H Itani H Itani S Sidani K Kassem M Farhat K Jbeily M Itani A Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
description	Hala Ahmadieh,* Hadi Itani,* Sanaa Itani, Khaled Sidani, Mona Kassem, Kassem Farhat, Mohammad Jbeily, Abdallah Itani Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic noncommunicable disease characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with chronic complications affecting the overall quality of life. As of 2017, the prevalence of diabetes in Lebanon is estimated to be 14.6%. Depression is noted to be common among Lebanese citizens, present in around 17.3%. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression among the diabetic Lebanese citizens and to study its relationship with poor glycemic control and diabetes complications. Methods: In total, 436 diabetic patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes mellitus attending several private clinics and health care centers were asked to fill out a well-structured questionnaire developed by an expert. Depression was assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The study collected demographic information about the participants including their lifestyles, their last reported glycosylated hemoglobin values, and their reported microvascular and macrovascular complications. Data were collected, entered, and analyzed on SPSS software version 23.1. A descriptive analysis is carried out by calculating the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and number and percentage for categorical ones. Association between categorical variables is evaluated using a chi-squared test. A P-value of <0.05 is considered to be significant. Results: Depression was prevalent among 28.8% of the patients with diabetes mellitus. The average age of participants was 64.08 years. In total, 280 (64.2%) of the participants were females and the average diabetes duration was 8.89 years. There was no significant relationship found between depression and glycemic control. By contrast, a significant association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke and depression was found. Conclusion: Depression was found to be present among 28.8% of the patients with diabetes mellitus in Lebanon; however, no association was established between depression and glycemic control. Keywords: glycemic control, quality of life, complications, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes, depression
format	article
author	Ahmadieh H Itani H Itani S Sidani K Kassem M Farhat K Jbeily M Itani A
author_facet	Ahmadieh H Itani H Itani S Sidani K Kassem M Farhat K Jbeily M Itani A
author_sort	Ahmadieh H
title	Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
title_short	Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
title_full	Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr	Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed	Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
title_sort	diabetes and depression in lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/adb75811ad0a4f34acaab4de3d3e2086
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Diabetes and depression in Lebanon and association with glycemic control: a cross-sectional study

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