Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity

Abstract With the increasing epidemiology of autoimmune disease worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective drugs with low cost in clinical treatment. Triptolide, the most potent bioactive compound from traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppression and anti...

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Autores principales:	Yaxin Cheng, Yonghua Zhao, Ying Zheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Triptolide Autoimmune diseases Toxicity Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/adf7aed3defa4a0983a4fa08e304cce7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:adf7aed3defa4a0983a4fa08e304cce72021-11-14T12:10:22ZTherapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity10.1186/s13020-021-00525-z1749-8546https://doaj.org/article/adf7aed3defa4a0983a4fa08e304cce72021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00525-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/1749-8546Abstract With the increasing epidemiology of autoimmune disease worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective drugs with low cost in clinical treatment. Triptolide, the most potent bioactive compound from traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory activity. It is a potential drug for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, but its clinical application is still restricted due to severe toxicity. In this review, the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of triptolide in autoimmune diseases are summarized. Triptolide exerts therapeutic effect by regulating the function of immune cells and the expression of cytokines through inflammatory signaling pathways, as well as maintaining redox balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. Meanwhile, the research progress on toxicity of triptolide to liver, kidney, reproductive system, heart, spleen, lung and gastrointestinal tract has been systematically reviewed. In vivo experiments on different animals and clinical trials demonstrate the dose- and time- dependent toxicity of triptolide through different administration routes. Furthermore, we focus on the strategies to reduce toxicity of triptolide, including chemical structural modification, novel drug delivery systems, and combination pharmacotherapy. This review aims to reveal the potential therapeutic prospect and limitations of triptolide in treating autoimmune diseases, thus providing guiding suggestions for further study and promoting its clinical translation.Yaxin ChengYonghua ZhaoYing ZhengBMCarticleTriptolideAutoimmune diseasesToxicityPharmacologyPharmacodynamicsOther systems of medicineRZ201-999ENChinese Medicine, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Triptolide Autoimmune diseases Toxicity Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Other systems of medicine RZ201-999
spellingShingle	Triptolide Autoimmune diseases Toxicity Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Other systems of medicine RZ201-999 Yaxin Cheng Yonghua Zhao Ying Zheng Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
description	Abstract With the increasing epidemiology of autoimmune disease worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective drugs with low cost in clinical treatment. Triptolide, the most potent bioactive compound from traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory activity. It is a potential drug for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases, but its clinical application is still restricted due to severe toxicity. In this review, the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacological mechanisms of triptolide in autoimmune diseases are summarized. Triptolide exerts therapeutic effect by regulating the function of immune cells and the expression of cytokines through inflammatory signaling pathways, as well as maintaining redox balance and gut microbiota homeostasis. Meanwhile, the research progress on toxicity of triptolide to liver, kidney, reproductive system, heart, spleen, lung and gastrointestinal tract has been systematically reviewed. In vivo experiments on different animals and clinical trials demonstrate the dose- and time- dependent toxicity of triptolide through different administration routes. Furthermore, we focus on the strategies to reduce toxicity of triptolide, including chemical structural modification, novel drug delivery systems, and combination pharmacotherapy. This review aims to reveal the potential therapeutic prospect and limitations of triptolide in treating autoimmune diseases, thus providing guiding suggestions for further study and promoting its clinical translation.
format	article
author	Yaxin Cheng Yonghua Zhao Ying Zheng
author_facet	Yaxin Cheng Yonghua Zhao Ying Zheng
author_sort	Yaxin Cheng
title	Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
title_short	Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
title_full	Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
title_fullStr	Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
title_full_unstemmed	Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
title_sort	therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/adf7aed3defa4a0983a4fa08e304cce7
work_keys_str_mv	AT yaxincheng therapeuticpotentialoftriptolideinautoimmunediseasesandstrategiestoreduceitstoxicity AT yonghuazhao therapeuticpotentialoftriptolideinautoimmunediseasesandstrategiestoreduceitstoxicity AT yingzheng therapeuticpotentialoftriptolideinautoimmunediseasesandstrategiestoreduceitstoxicity
_version_	1718429424619094016

Therapeutic potential of triptolide in autoimmune diseases and strategies to reduce its toxicity

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