Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants

Climate change exacerbates flooding problems due to hurricanes followed by heavy rains, particularly in sub-tropical regions. Consequently, submerged plants experience hypoxia stress which limits agronomic and horticultural crop growth and production. Hypoxia causes oxidative damage by accelerating...

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Autores principales:	Zafar Iqbal, Ali Sarkhosh, Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Saeed Rauf, Naeem Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Altaf, Jose M. Camara-Zapata, Francisco Garcia-Sanchez, Muhammad Adnan Shahid
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	abiotic stress biochemical response carboxylation efficiency lipid peroxidation nutrients photosynthesis Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae1002b37df84d17b65700756997ae45
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae1002b37df84d17b65700756997ae452021-11-25T16:04:12ZSilicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants10.3390/agronomy111121432073-4395https://doaj.org/article/ae1002b37df84d17b65700756997ae452021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2143https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Climate change exacerbates flooding problems due to hurricanes followed by heavy rains, particularly in sub-tropical regions. Consequently, submerged plants experience hypoxia stress which limits agronomic and horticultural crop growth and production. Hypoxia causes oxidative damage by accelerating the lipid peroxidation associated with O<sub>2</sub>- and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. Additionally, hypoxia increases the accumulation of organic osmoprotectants and antioxidant activity, whereas it decreases the macronutrient (N, P, K, and Zn) uptake. This study aimed at investigating the effects of flooding-induced hypoxia stress on the growth and the physiological, biochemical, and nutritional characteristics of the hydroponically grown southern highbush blueberry (cv. Jewel) plants. In addition, the hypoxia-mitigating effects of conventional silicon (Si-C) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and their application methods (foliar vs. foliar and rootzone application) were also appraised. Both the Si-C and the SiNPs efficiently alleviated hypoxia-induced oxidative and osmotic damage to cells by enhancing the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate, reductase); the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione contents); and the accumulation of compatible solutes (proline and glycinebetaine) in leaves and roots. However, the SiNPs were more effective than Si-C at improving antioxidant activities and osmolytes formation. A strong negative correlation between the antioxidant activities and the lipid peroxidation rate was observed in the SiNP-treated plants under hypoxia stress. The SiNPs also regulated nutrient uptake by increasing the K, N, P, and Zn concentrations while decreasing Fe and Mn concentrations to a less toxic level. Blueberry plants treated with SiNPs responded more effectively to hypoxia stress by maintaining higher antioxidant and osmoprotectant concentrations than blueberry plants treated with Si-C. Additionally, the foliar and rootzone applications yielded better results than the foliar applications only.Zafar IqbalAli SarkhoshRashad Mukhtar BalalSaeed RaufNaeem KhanMuhammad Ahsan AltafJose M. Camara-ZapataFrancisco Garcia-SanchezMuhammad Adnan ShahidMDPI AGarticleabiotic stressbiochemical responsecarboxylation efficiencylipid peroxidationnutrientsphotosynthesisAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2143, p 2143 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	abiotic stress biochemical response carboxylation efficiency lipid peroxidation nutrients photosynthesis Agriculture S
spellingShingle	abiotic stress biochemical response carboxylation efficiency lipid peroxidation nutrients photosynthesis Agriculture S Zafar Iqbal Ali Sarkhosh Rashad Mukhtar Balal Saeed Rauf Naeem Khan Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Jose M. Camara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez Muhammad Adnan Shahid Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
description	Climate change exacerbates flooding problems due to hurricanes followed by heavy rains, particularly in sub-tropical regions. Consequently, submerged plants experience hypoxia stress which limits agronomic and horticultural crop growth and production. Hypoxia causes oxidative damage by accelerating the lipid peroxidation associated with O<sub>2</sub>- and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. Additionally, hypoxia increases the accumulation of organic osmoprotectants and antioxidant activity, whereas it decreases the macronutrient (N, P, K, and Zn) uptake. This study aimed at investigating the effects of flooding-induced hypoxia stress on the growth and the physiological, biochemical, and nutritional characteristics of the hydroponically grown southern highbush blueberry (cv. Jewel) plants. In addition, the hypoxia-mitigating effects of conventional silicon (Si-C) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and their application methods (foliar vs. foliar and rootzone application) were also appraised. Both the Si-C and the SiNPs efficiently alleviated hypoxia-induced oxidative and osmotic damage to cells by enhancing the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate, reductase); the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione contents); and the accumulation of compatible solutes (proline and glycinebetaine) in leaves and roots. However, the SiNPs were more effective than Si-C at improving antioxidant activities and osmolytes formation. A strong negative correlation between the antioxidant activities and the lipid peroxidation rate was observed in the SiNP-treated plants under hypoxia stress. The SiNPs also regulated nutrient uptake by increasing the K, N, P, and Zn concentrations while decreasing Fe and Mn concentrations to a less toxic level. Blueberry plants treated with SiNPs responded more effectively to hypoxia stress by maintaining higher antioxidant and osmoprotectant concentrations than blueberry plants treated with Si-C. Additionally, the foliar and rootzone applications yielded better results than the foliar applications only.
format	article
author	Zafar Iqbal Ali Sarkhosh Rashad Mukhtar Balal Saeed Rauf Naeem Khan Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Jose M. Camara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez Muhammad Adnan Shahid
author_facet	Zafar Iqbal Ali Sarkhosh Rashad Mukhtar Balal Saeed Rauf Naeem Khan Muhammad Ahsan Altaf Jose M. Camara-Zapata Francisco Garcia-Sanchez Muhammad Adnan Shahid
author_sort	Zafar Iqbal
title	Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
title_short	Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
title_full	Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
title_fullStr	Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
title_full_unstemmed	Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants
title_sort	silicon nanoparticles mitigate hypoxia-induced oxidative damage by improving antioxidants activities and concentration of osmolytes in southern highbush blueberry plants
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae1002b37df84d17b65700756997ae45
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Silicon Nanoparticles Mitigate Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Damage by Improving Antioxidants Activities and Concentration of Osmolytes in Southern Highbush Blueberry Plants

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