Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies

While environmental performance of cage-based aquaculture is most often monitored through benthic conditions, there may also be requirements that necessitate discrete, pelagic sampling. In the pelagic realm, adequately capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of interest and attributing causality...

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Autores principales:	HM Jansen, GK Reid, RJ Bannister, V Husa, SMC Robinson, JA Cooper, C Quinton, Ø Strand
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Inter-Research 2016
Materias:	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae285262b23b472f8132bea443108614
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae285262b23b472f8132bea4431086142021-11-11T11:05:40ZDiscrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies1869-215X1869-753410.3354/aei00192https://doaj.org/article/ae285262b23b472f8132bea4431086142016-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v8/p463-480/https://doaj.org/toc/1869-215Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1869-7534While environmental performance of cage-based aquaculture is most often monitored through benthic conditions, there may also be requirements that necessitate discrete, pelagic sampling. In the pelagic realm, adequately capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of interest and attributing causality to aquaculture processes can be extremely challenging. Conditions are seldom ideal, and data adequacy concerns of discrete samples collected at open-water aquaculture sites are not uncommon. Further exploration of these challenges is needed. Herein, we aim to explore considerations for study design, analysis, and data interpretation of discrete pelagic sampling. As examples, we present 2 case studies where limited sampling occurred under conditions of complex pelagic dynamics. A Norwegian case study quantified particle abundance around salmon farms, and aimed to highlight the effects of spatial-temporal variation on sampling design, the need for inclusion of companion parameters, and the benefits of a priori and a posteriori data interpretation strategies. A Canadian case study collected discrete samples to measure ammonium concentrations with continuous current measurements at an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) farm, to explore issues of complex hydrodynamics, reference site suitability, sampling resolution, data pooling, and post hoc power tests. We further discuss lessons learned and the implications of study design, ambient conditions, physical processes, farm management, statistical analysis, companion parameters, and the potential for confounding effects. Pragmatic consideration of these aspects will ultimately serve to better frame the costs and benefits of discrete pelagic sampling at open-water aquaculture sites.HM JansenGK ReidRJ BannisterV HusaSMC RobinsonJA CooperC QuintonØ StrandInter-ResearcharticleAquaculture. Fisheries. AnglingSH1-691EcologyQH540-549.5ENAquaculture Environment Interactions, Vol 8, Pp 463-480 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 HM Jansen GK Reid RJ Bannister V Husa SMC Robinson JA Cooper C Quinton Ø Strand Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
description	While environmental performance of cage-based aquaculture is most often monitored through benthic conditions, there may also be requirements that necessitate discrete, pelagic sampling. In the pelagic realm, adequately capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of interest and attributing causality to aquaculture processes can be extremely challenging. Conditions are seldom ideal, and data adequacy concerns of discrete samples collected at open-water aquaculture sites are not uncommon. Further exploration of these challenges is needed. Herein, we aim to explore considerations for study design, analysis, and data interpretation of discrete pelagic sampling. As examples, we present 2 case studies where limited sampling occurred under conditions of complex pelagic dynamics. A Norwegian case study quantified particle abundance around salmon farms, and aimed to highlight the effects of spatial-temporal variation on sampling design, the need for inclusion of companion parameters, and the benefits of a priori and a posteriori data interpretation strategies. A Canadian case study collected discrete samples to measure ammonium concentrations with continuous current measurements at an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) farm, to explore issues of complex hydrodynamics, reference site suitability, sampling resolution, data pooling, and post hoc power tests. We further discuss lessons learned and the implications of study design, ambient conditions, physical processes, farm management, statistical analysis, companion parameters, and the potential for confounding effects. Pragmatic consideration of these aspects will ultimately serve to better frame the costs and benefits of discrete pelagic sampling at open-water aquaculture sites.
format	article
author	HM Jansen GK Reid RJ Bannister V Husa SMC Robinson JA Cooper C Quinton Ø Strand
author_facet	HM Jansen GK Reid RJ Bannister V Husa SMC Robinson JA Cooper C Quinton Ø Strand
author_sort	HM Jansen
title	Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
title_short	Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
title_full	Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
title_fullStr	Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
title_sort	discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies
publisher	Inter-Research
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae285262b23b472f8132bea443108614
work_keys_str_mv	AT hmjansen discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT gkreid discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT rjbannister discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT vhusa discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT smcrobinson discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT jacooper discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT cquinton discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies AT østrand discretewaterqualitysamplingatopenwateraquaculturesiteslimitationsandstrategies
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Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies

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