Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Sex-related differences in susceptibility to pathogens are a common phenomenon in animals. In the eusocial Hymenoptera the two female castes, workers and queens, are diploid and males are haploid. The haploid susceptibility hypothesis predicts that haploid males are more susceptible to pathogen infe...

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Autores principales:	Gina Retschnig, Geoffrey R Williams, Marion M Mehmann, Orlando Yañez, Joachim R de Miranda, Peter Neumann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae2c2a3a4ae2464ca2eddf83046583a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae2c2a3a4ae2464ca2eddf83046583a02021-11-18T08:37:29ZSex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0085261https://doaj.org/article/ae2c2a3a4ae2464ca2eddf83046583a02014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24465518/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Sex-related differences in susceptibility to pathogens are a common phenomenon in animals. In the eusocial Hymenoptera the two female castes, workers and queens, are diploid and males are haploid. The haploid susceptibility hypothesis predicts that haploid males are more susceptible to pathogen infections compared to females. Here we test this hypothesis using adult male (drone) and female (worker) honey bees (Apis mellifera), inoculated with the gut endoparasite Nosema ceranae and/or black queen cell virus (BQCV). These pathogens were chosen due to previously reported synergistic interactions between Nosema apis and BQCV. Our data do not support synergistic interactions between N. ceranae and BQCV and also suggest that BQCV has limited effect on both drone and worker health, regardless of the infection level. However, the data clearly show that, despite lower levels of N. ceranae spores in drones than in workers, Nosema-infected drones had both a higher mortality and a lower body mass than non-infected drones, across all treatment groups, while the mortality and body mass of worker bees were largely unaffected by N. ceranae infection, suggesting that drones are more susceptible to this pathogen than workers. In conclusion, the data reveal considerable sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees and highlight the importance of ultimate measures for determining susceptibility, such as mortality and body quality, rather than mere infection levels.Gina RetschnigGeoffrey R WilliamsMarion M MehmannOrlando YañezJoachim R de MirandaPeter NeumannPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e85261 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gina Retschnig Geoffrey R Williams Marion M Mehmann Orlando Yañez Joachim R de Miranda Peter Neumann Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
description	Sex-related differences in susceptibility to pathogens are a common phenomenon in animals. In the eusocial Hymenoptera the two female castes, workers and queens, are diploid and males are haploid. The haploid susceptibility hypothesis predicts that haploid males are more susceptible to pathogen infections compared to females. Here we test this hypothesis using adult male (drone) and female (worker) honey bees (Apis mellifera), inoculated with the gut endoparasite Nosema ceranae and/or black queen cell virus (BQCV). These pathogens were chosen due to previously reported synergistic interactions between Nosema apis and BQCV. Our data do not support synergistic interactions between N. ceranae and BQCV and also suggest that BQCV has limited effect on both drone and worker health, regardless of the infection level. However, the data clearly show that, despite lower levels of N. ceranae spores in drones than in workers, Nosema-infected drones had both a higher mortality and a lower body mass than non-infected drones, across all treatment groups, while the mortality and body mass of worker bees were largely unaffected by N. ceranae infection, suggesting that drones are more susceptible to this pathogen than workers. In conclusion, the data reveal considerable sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees and highlight the importance of ultimate measures for determining susceptibility, such as mortality and body quality, rather than mere infection levels.
format	article
author	Gina Retschnig Geoffrey R Williams Marion M Mehmann Orlando Yañez Joachim R de Miranda Peter Neumann
author_facet	Gina Retschnig Geoffrey R Williams Marion M Mehmann Orlando Yañez Joachim R de Miranda Peter Neumann
author_sort	Gina Retschnig
title	Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
title_short	Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
title_full	Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
title_fullStr	Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
title_full_unstemmed	Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
title_sort	sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (apis mellifera).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae2c2a3a4ae2464ca2eddf83046583a0
work_keys_str_mv	AT ginaretschnig sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera AT geoffreyrwilliams sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera AT marionmmehmann sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera AT orlandoyanez sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera AT joachimrdemiranda sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera AT peterneumann sexspecificdifferencesinpathogensusceptibilityinhoneybeesapismellifera
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Sex-specific differences in pathogen susceptibility in honey bees (Apis mellifera).

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