Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors

Bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is a large membrane-spanning molecular rotary machine for swimming motility. Torque is generated by the interaction between the rotor and multiple stator units powered by ion-motive force (IMF). The number of bound stator units is dynamically changed in response to th...

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Autores principales:	Tsai-Shun Lin, Seiji Kojima, Hajime Fukuoka, Akihiko Ishijima, Michio Homma, Chien-Jung Lo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	bacterial flagellar motor sodium-motive force stator exchange membrane protein perfusion Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae3df9b6e8934673aeecfb693b3faf22
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae3df9b6e8934673aeecfb693b3faf222021-12-01T06:12:33ZStator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.765739https://doaj.org/article/ae3df9b6e8934673aeecfb693b3faf222021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.765739/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XBacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is a large membrane-spanning molecular rotary machine for swimming motility. Torque is generated by the interaction between the rotor and multiple stator units powered by ion-motive force (IMF). The number of bound stator units is dynamically changed in response to the external load and the IMF. However, the detailed dynamics of stator unit exchange process remains unclear. Here, we directly measured the speed changes of sodium-driven chimeric BFMs under fast perfusion of different sodium concentration conditions using computer-controlled, high-throughput microfluidic devices. We found the sodium-driven chimeric BFMs maintained constant speed over a wide range of sodium concentrations by adjusting stator units in compensation to the sodium-motive force (SMF) changes. The BFM has the maximum number of stator units and is most stable at 5 mM sodium concentration rather than higher sodium concentration. Upon rapid exchange from high to low sodium concentration, the number of functional stator units shows a rapidly excessive reduction and then resurrection that is different from predictions of simple absorption model. This may imply the existence of a metastable hidden state of the stator unit during the sudden loss of sodium ions.Tsai-Shun LinSeiji KojimaHajime FukuokaAkihiko IshijimaMichio HommaChien-Jung LoFrontiers Media S.A.articlebacterial flagellar motorsodium-motive forcestator exchangemembrane proteinperfusionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bacterial flagellar motor sodium-motive force stator exchange membrane protein perfusion Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bacterial flagellar motor sodium-motive force stator exchange membrane protein perfusion Microbiology QR1-502 Tsai-Shun Lin Seiji Kojima Hajime Fukuoka Akihiko Ishijima Michio Homma Chien-Jung Lo Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
description	Bacterial flagellar motor (BFM) is a large membrane-spanning molecular rotary machine for swimming motility. Torque is generated by the interaction between the rotor and multiple stator units powered by ion-motive force (IMF). The number of bound stator units is dynamically changed in response to the external load and the IMF. However, the detailed dynamics of stator unit exchange process remains unclear. Here, we directly measured the speed changes of sodium-driven chimeric BFMs under fast perfusion of different sodium concentration conditions using computer-controlled, high-throughput microfluidic devices. We found the sodium-driven chimeric BFMs maintained constant speed over a wide range of sodium concentrations by adjusting stator units in compensation to the sodium-motive force (SMF) changes. The BFM has the maximum number of stator units and is most stable at 5 mM sodium concentration rather than higher sodium concentration. Upon rapid exchange from high to low sodium concentration, the number of functional stator units shows a rapidly excessive reduction and then resurrection that is different from predictions of simple absorption model. This may imply the existence of a metastable hidden state of the stator unit during the sudden loss of sodium ions.
format	article
author	Tsai-Shun Lin Seiji Kojima Hajime Fukuoka Akihiko Ishijima Michio Homma Chien-Jung Lo
author_facet	Tsai-Shun Lin Seiji Kojima Hajime Fukuoka Akihiko Ishijima Michio Homma Chien-Jung Lo
author_sort	Tsai-Shun Lin
title	Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
title_short	Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
title_full	Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
title_fullStr	Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
title_full_unstemmed	Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors
title_sort	stator dynamics depending on sodium concentration in sodium-driven bacterial flagellar motors
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae3df9b6e8934673aeecfb693b3faf22
work_keys_str_mv	AT tsaishunlin statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors AT seijikojima statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors AT hajimefukuoka statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors AT akihikoishijima statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors AT michiohomma statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors AT chienjunglo statordynamicsdependingonsodiumconcentrationinsodiumdrivenbacterialflagellarmotors
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Stator Dynamics Depending on Sodium Concentration in Sodium-Driven Bacterial Flagellar Motors

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