Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths

To determine whether small mammals living in natural settings harbor helminth infections in their mammary glands, we conducted a survey of helminths infecting rodents and soricimorphs in three widespread locations in the eastern United States: states of New York, Tennessee, and Georgia. We examined...

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Autores principales:	David Bruce Conn, Cary A. Hefty, Sarah Cross Owen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cotton rat helminth maternal transmission nematode parasitic Rodentia Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae508f63eda241a3b7a2b5fb3ac5bf3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae508f63eda241a3b7a2b5fb3ac5bf3b2021-11-25T16:19:12ZInfection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths10.3390/ani111132072076-2615https://doaj.org/article/ae508f63eda241a3b7a2b5fb3ac5bf3b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3207https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615To determine whether small mammals living in natural settings harbor helminth infections in their mammary glands, we conducted a survey of helminths infecting rodents and soricimorphs in three widespread locations in the eastern United States: states of New York, Tennessee, and Georgia. We examined all the primary organs in all hosts, and identified all helminths. We also excised the complete mammary glands within their subcutaneous fat pads, then stained and mounted each whole mammary gland set for microscopical examination. A total of 53 individual hosts were examined, including 32 <i>Peromyscus</i> spp., 11 <i>Mus musculus</i>, 5 <i>Sigmodon hispidus</i>, 4 <i>Clethrionomys gapperi</i>, and 1 <i>Blarina carolinensis</i>. Helminths collected included <i>Heligmosomoides</i> sp., <i>Hymenolepis</i><i>diminuta</i>, <i>Hymenolepis nana</i>, <i>Pterygodermatites peromysci</i>, <i>Schistosomatium douthitti</i>, <i>Syphacia obvelata</i>, <i>Syphacia sigmodontis</i>, and <i>Trichostrongylus sigmodontis</i>. Four <i>S. hispidus</i> were infected by <i>T. sigmodontis</i> in the small intestine; in all four, we also found nematode larvae in lactiferous duct lumen and lactogenic tissue of the mammary glands. We were unable to identify the species of nematode larvae, but the co-occurrence with <i>T. sigmodontis</i> in all cases may suggest an association. Future studies should seek to identify such larvae using molecular and other methods, and to determine the role of these mammary nematode larvae in the life cycle of the identified species. No other host species harbored helminths in the mammary glands. Overall, our results suggest that mammary infections in wild small mammals are not common, but warrant inclusion in future surveys.David Bruce ConnCary A. HeftySarah Cross OwenMDPI AGarticlecotton rathelminthmaternal transmissionnematodeparasiticRodentiaVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3207, p 3207 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cotton rat helminth maternal transmission nematode parasitic Rodentia Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	cotton rat helminth maternal transmission nematode parasitic Rodentia Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 David Bruce Conn Cary A. Hefty Sarah Cross Owen Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
description	To determine whether small mammals living in natural settings harbor helminth infections in their mammary glands, we conducted a survey of helminths infecting rodents and soricimorphs in three widespread locations in the eastern United States: states of New York, Tennessee, and Georgia. We examined all the primary organs in all hosts, and identified all helminths. We also excised the complete mammary glands within their subcutaneous fat pads, then stained and mounted each whole mammary gland set for microscopical examination. A total of 53 individual hosts were examined, including 32 <i>Peromyscus</i> spp., 11 <i>Mus musculus</i>, 5 <i>Sigmodon hispidus</i>, 4 <i>Clethrionomys gapperi</i>, and 1 <i>Blarina carolinensis</i>. Helminths collected included <i>Heligmosomoides</i> sp., <i>Hymenolepis</i><i>diminuta</i>, <i>Hymenolepis nana</i>, <i>Pterygodermatites peromysci</i>, <i>Schistosomatium douthitti</i>, <i>Syphacia obvelata</i>, <i>Syphacia sigmodontis</i>, and <i>Trichostrongylus sigmodontis</i>. Four <i>S. hispidus</i> were infected by <i>T. sigmodontis</i> in the small intestine; in all four, we also found nematode larvae in lactiferous duct lumen and lactogenic tissue of the mammary glands. We were unable to identify the species of nematode larvae, but the co-occurrence with <i>T. sigmodontis</i> in all cases may suggest an association. Future studies should seek to identify such larvae using molecular and other methods, and to determine the role of these mammary nematode larvae in the life cycle of the identified species. No other host species harbored helminths in the mammary glands. Overall, our results suggest that mammary infections in wild small mammals are not common, but warrant inclusion in future surveys.
format	article
author	David Bruce Conn Cary A. Hefty Sarah Cross Owen
author_facet	David Bruce Conn Cary A. Hefty Sarah Cross Owen
author_sort	David Bruce Conn
title	Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
title_short	Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
title_full	Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
title_fullStr	Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
title_full_unstemmed	Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths
title_sort	infection of mammary glands of small mammals in eastern north america by helminths
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae508f63eda241a3b7a2b5fb3ac5bf3b
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Infection of Mammary Glands of Small Mammals in Eastern North America by Helminths

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