Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.

Human remains, some as recent as 15 thousand years, from Liang Bua (LB) on the Indonesian island of Flores have been attributed to a new species, Homo floresiensis. The definition includes a mosaic of features, some like modern humans (hence derived: genus Homo), some like modern apes and australopi...

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Autores principales:	Charles Oxnard, Peter J Obendorf, Ben J Kefford
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae7220cda2fe4a609c60514a55ca2bde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae7220cda2fe4a609c60514a55ca2bde2021-11-18T06:34:46ZPost-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013018https://doaj.org/article/ae7220cda2fe4a609c60514a55ca2bde2010-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20885948/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Human remains, some as recent as 15 thousand years, from Liang Bua (LB) on the Indonesian island of Flores have been attributed to a new species, Homo floresiensis. The definition includes a mosaic of features, some like modern humans (hence derived: genus Homo), some like modern apes and australopithecines (hence primitive: not species sapiens), and some unique (hence new species: floresiensis). Conversely, because only modern humans (H. sapiens) are known in this region in the last 40 thousand years, these individuals have also been suggested to be genetic human dwarfs. Such dwarfs resemble small humans and do not show the mosaic combination of the most complete individuals, LB1 and LB6, so this idea has been largely dismissed. We have previously shown that some features of the cranium of hypothyroid cretins are like those of LB1. Here we examine cretin postcrania to see if they show anatomical mosaics like H. floresiensis. We find that hypothyroid cretins share at least 10 postcranial features with Homo floresiensis and unaffected humans not found in apes (or australopithecines when materials permit). They share with H. floresiensis, modern apes and australopithecines at least 11 postcranial features not found in unaffected humans. They share with H. floresiensis, at least 8 features not found in apes, australopithecines or unaffected humans. Sixteen features can be rendered metrically and multivariate analyses demonstrate that H. floresiensis co-locates with cretins, both being markedly separate from humans and chimpanzees (P<0.001: from analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) over all variables, ANOSIM, global R>0.999). We therefore conclude that LB1 and LB6, at least, are, most likely, endemic cretins from a population of unaffected Homo sapiens. This is consistent with recent hypothyroid endemic cretinism throughout Indonesia, including the nearby island of Bali.Charles OxnardPeter J ObendorfBen J KeffordPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 9, p e13018 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Charles Oxnard Peter J Obendorf Ben J Kefford Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
description	Human remains, some as recent as 15 thousand years, from Liang Bua (LB) on the Indonesian island of Flores have been attributed to a new species, Homo floresiensis. The definition includes a mosaic of features, some like modern humans (hence derived: genus Homo), some like modern apes and australopithecines (hence primitive: not species sapiens), and some unique (hence new species: floresiensis). Conversely, because only modern humans (H. sapiens) are known in this region in the last 40 thousand years, these individuals have also been suggested to be genetic human dwarfs. Such dwarfs resemble small humans and do not show the mosaic combination of the most complete individuals, LB1 and LB6, so this idea has been largely dismissed. We have previously shown that some features of the cranium of hypothyroid cretins are like those of LB1. Here we examine cretin postcrania to see if they show anatomical mosaics like H. floresiensis. We find that hypothyroid cretins share at least 10 postcranial features with Homo floresiensis and unaffected humans not found in apes (or australopithecines when materials permit). They share with H. floresiensis, modern apes and australopithecines at least 11 postcranial features not found in unaffected humans. They share with H. floresiensis, at least 8 features not found in apes, australopithecines or unaffected humans. Sixteen features can be rendered metrically and multivariate analyses demonstrate that H. floresiensis co-locates with cretins, both being markedly separate from humans and chimpanzees (P<0.001: from analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) over all variables, ANOSIM, global R>0.999). We therefore conclude that LB1 and LB6, at least, are, most likely, endemic cretins from a population of unaffected Homo sapiens. This is consistent with recent hypothyroid endemic cretinism throughout Indonesia, including the nearby island of Bali.
format	article
author	Charles Oxnard Peter J Obendorf Ben J Kefford
author_facet	Charles Oxnard Peter J Obendorf Ben J Kefford
author_sort	Charles Oxnard
title	Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
title_short	Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
title_full	Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
title_fullStr	Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
title_full_unstemmed	Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.
title_sort	post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as homo floresiensis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae7220cda2fe4a609c60514a55ca2bde
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Post-cranial skeletons of hypothyroid cretins show a similar anatomical mosaic as Homo floresiensis.

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