Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

Context Atherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions. Objectives To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a t...

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Autores principales:	Ahmad Khusairi Azemi, Siti Safiah Mokhtar, Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif, Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	sod mda intima-media thickness atherogenic index tnf-α anti-atherosclerosis Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae860144efd64814bc7cd25f0aca5ef7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae860144efd64814bc7cd25f0aca5ef72021-11-04T15:00:41ZClinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation1388-02091744-511610.1080/13880209.2021.1990357https://doaj.org/article/ae860144efd64814bc7cd25f0aca5ef72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2021.1990357https://doaj.org/toc/1388-0209https://doaj.org/toc/1744-5116Context Atherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions. Objectives To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. Materials and methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: non-diabetic fed a standard diet (C), C + CNME (500 mg/kg, orally), diabetic fed an HFD (DM), DM + CNME (500 mg/kg), and DM + Metformin (DM + Met; 300 mg/kg). Treatment with oral CNME and metformin was administered for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI), aortic tissue superoxide dismutase levels (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The rats’ aortas were stained for histological analysis and intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results The CNME-treated diabetic rats had reduced serum total cholesterol (43.74%; p = 0.0031), triglycerides (80.91%; p = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.64%; p = 0.0008), AI (51.32%; p < 0.0001), MDA (60.74%; p = 0.0026), TNF-α (61.78%; p = 0.0002), and IMT (39.35%; p < 0.0001) compared to untreated diabetic rats. SOD level, however, increased (53.36%; p = 0.0326). These CNME effects were comparable to those in the metformin-treated diabetic rats. Conclusions C. nutans possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be due to reductions in vascular tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and serum AI. Continued studies on atherosclerotic animal models are suggested.Ahmad Khusairi AzemiSiti Safiah MokhtarSharifah Emilia Tuan SharifAida Hanum Ghulam RasoolTaylor & Francis Grouparticlesodmdaintima-media thicknessatherogenic indextnf-αanti-atherosclerosisTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENPharmaceutical Biology, Vol 59, Iss 1, Pp 1432-1440 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sod mda intima-media thickness atherogenic index tnf-α anti-atherosclerosis Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	sod mda intima-media thickness atherogenic index tnf-α anti-atherosclerosis Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Siti Safiah Mokhtar Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
description	Context Atherosclerosis predisposes individuals to adverse cardiovascular events. Clinacanthus nutans L. (Acanthaceae) is a traditional remedy used for diabetes and inflammatory conditions. Objectives To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic activity of a C. nutans leaf methanol extract (CNME) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat model induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin. Materials and methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: non-diabetic fed a standard diet (C), C + CNME (500 mg/kg, orally), diabetic fed an HFD (DM), DM + CNME (500 mg/kg), and DM + Metformin (DM + Met; 300 mg/kg). Treatment with oral CNME and metformin was administered for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, atherogenic index (AI), aortic tissue superoxide dismutase levels (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The rats’ aortas were stained for histological analysis and intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results The CNME-treated diabetic rats had reduced serum total cholesterol (43.74%; p = 0.0031), triglycerides (80.91%; p = 0.0003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (56.64%; p = 0.0008), AI (51.32%; p < 0.0001), MDA (60.74%; p = 0.0026), TNF-α (61.78%; p = 0.0002), and IMT (39.35%; p < 0.0001) compared to untreated diabetic rats. SOD level, however, increased (53.36%; p = 0.0326). These CNME effects were comparable to those in the metformin-treated diabetic rats. Conclusions C. nutans possesses anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be due to reductions in vascular tissue oxidative stress, inflammation, and serum AI. Continued studies on atherosclerotic animal models are suggested.
format	article
author	Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Siti Safiah Mokhtar Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
author_facet	Ahmad Khusairi Azemi Siti Safiah Mokhtar Sharifah Emilia Tuan Sharif Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
author_sort	Ahmad Khusairi Azemi
title	Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
title_short	Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
title_full	Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
title_fullStr	Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
title_full_unstemmed	Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
title_sort	clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae860144efd64814bc7cd25f0aca5ef7
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Clinacanthus nutans attenuates atherosclerosis progression in rats with type 2 diabetes by reducing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation

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