The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey

Background and Objectives: A substantial portion of students report test anxiety, and those reporting low levels of self-efficacy seem to be especially affected. Previous research has indicated the relevance of mental images in the maintenance of anxiety disorders, however, no data are available wit...

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Autores principales:	Anna Maier, Caroline Schaitz, Julia Kröner, Alexander Berger, Ferdinand Keller, Petra Beschoner, Bernhard Connemann, Zrinka Sosic-Vasic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	test anxiety anxiety self-efficacy mental images imagery Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ae8b4eab579f4a6b8b8c0913f7772dc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ae8b4eab579f4a6b8b8c0913f7772dc42021-12-01T15:04:22ZThe Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.618108https://doaj.org/article/ae8b4eab579f4a6b8b8c0913f7772dc42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618108/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background and Objectives: A substantial portion of students report test anxiety, and those reporting low levels of self-efficacy seem to be especially affected. Previous research has indicated the relevance of mental images in the maintenance of anxiety disorders, however, no data are available with respect to test anxiety. In order to close this gap, the present study investigates the association between test anxiety, self-efficacy and mental images.Method: One hundred sixty-three university students completed an online survey. Test anxiety (PAF), general self-efficacy (WIRKALL-r), study-related self-efficacy (WIRK_STUD), intrusiveness of mental images (IFES), spontaneous use of imagery (SUIS) and vividness of imagery (VVIQ) were examined.Results: Test-related mental images were frequently reported among the surveyed students. Test anxiety showed a positive correlation with IFES and a negative correlation with self-efficacy. Mediation analyses showed that about one fifth of the influence of self-efficacy on test anxiety is mediated by IFES.Discussion: The present study gives first indication about an association between test anxiety, self-efficacy and mental images, even though the results are limited with respect to generalizability. Further investigations with respect to the impact of test-related mental images on the self-efficacy/test-anxiety linkage are needed.Anna MaierCaroline SchaitzJulia KrönerAlexander BergerFerdinand KellerPetra BeschonerBernhard ConnemannZrinka Sosic-VasicFrontiers Media S.A.articletest anxietyanxietyself-efficacymental imagesimageryPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	test anxiety anxiety self-efficacy mental images imagery Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	test anxiety anxiety self-efficacy mental images imagery Psychiatry RC435-571 Anna Maier Caroline Schaitz Julia Kröner Alexander Berger Ferdinand Keller Petra Beschoner Bernhard Connemann Zrinka Sosic-Vasic The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
description	Background and Objectives: A substantial portion of students report test anxiety, and those reporting low levels of self-efficacy seem to be especially affected. Previous research has indicated the relevance of mental images in the maintenance of anxiety disorders, however, no data are available with respect to test anxiety. In order to close this gap, the present study investigates the association between test anxiety, self-efficacy and mental images.Method: One hundred sixty-three university students completed an online survey. Test anxiety (PAF), general self-efficacy (WIRKALL-r), study-related self-efficacy (WIRK_STUD), intrusiveness of mental images (IFES), spontaneous use of imagery (SUIS) and vividness of imagery (VVIQ) were examined.Results: Test-related mental images were frequently reported among the surveyed students. Test anxiety showed a positive correlation with IFES and a negative correlation with self-efficacy. Mediation analyses showed that about one fifth of the influence of self-efficacy on test anxiety is mediated by IFES.Discussion: The present study gives first indication about an association between test anxiety, self-efficacy and mental images, even though the results are limited with respect to generalizability. Further investigations with respect to the impact of test-related mental images on the self-efficacy/test-anxiety linkage are needed.
format	article
author	Anna Maier Caroline Schaitz Julia Kröner Alexander Berger Ferdinand Keller Petra Beschoner Bernhard Connemann Zrinka Sosic-Vasic
author_facet	Anna Maier Caroline Schaitz Julia Kröner Alexander Berger Ferdinand Keller Petra Beschoner Bernhard Connemann Zrinka Sosic-Vasic
author_sort	Anna Maier
title	The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
title_short	The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
title_full	The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
title_fullStr	The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
title_full_unstemmed	The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey
title_sort	association between test anxiety, self-efficacy, and mental images among university students: results from an online survey
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ae8b4eab579f4a6b8b8c0913f7772dc4
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The Association Between Test Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Images Among University Students: Results From an Online Survey

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