Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973

ABSTRACT At the genome level, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Synechococcus 2973) is nearly identical to the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Synechococcus 7942) with only 55 single nucleotide differences separating the two strains. Despite the high similarity between the tw...

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Autores principales:	Justin Ungerer, Po-Cheng Lin, Hui-Yuan Chen, Himadri B. Pakrasi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	cyanobacteria electron transport photosynthesis Synechococcus Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/aee31062441c4934a66bae2a6a7774b5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:aee31062441c4934a66bae2a6a7774b52021-11-15T15:53:25ZAdjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 297310.1128/mBio.02327-172150-7511https://doaj.org/article/aee31062441c4934a66bae2a6a7774b52018-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02327-17https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT At the genome level, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Synechococcus 2973) is nearly identical to the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Synechococcus 7942) with only 55 single nucleotide differences separating the two strains. Despite the high similarity between the two strains, Synechococcus 2973 grows three times faster, accumulates significantly more glycogen, is tolerant to extremely high light intensities, and displays higher photosynthetic rates. The high homology between the two strains provides a unique opportunity to examine the factors that lead to increased photosynthetic rates. We compared the photophysiology of the two strains and determined the differences in Synechococcus 2973 that lead to increased photosynthetic rates and the concomitant increase in biomass production. In this study, we identified inefficiencies in the electron transport chain of Synechococcus 7942 that have been alleviated in Synechococcus 2973. Photosystem II (PSII) capacity is the same in both strains. However, Synechococcus 2973 exhibits a 1.6-fold increase in PSI content, a 1.5-fold increase in cytochrome b6f content, and a 2.4-fold increase in plastocyanin content on a per cell basis. The increased content of electron carriers allows a higher flux of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain, while the increased PSI content provides more oxidizing power to maintain upstream carriers ready to accept electrons. These changes serve to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of Synechococcus 2973, the fastest growing cyanobacterium known. IMPORTANCE As the global population increases, the amount of arable land continues to decrease. To prevent a looming food crisis, crop productivity per acre must increase. A promising target for improving crop productivity is increasing the photosynthetic rates in crop plants. Cyanobacteria serve as models for higher plant photosynthetic systems and are an important test bed for improvements in photosynthetic productivity. In this study, we identified key factors that lead to improved photosynthetic efficiency and increased production of biomass of a cyanobacterium. We suggest that the findings presented herein will give direction to improvements that may be made in other photosynthetic organisms to improve photosynthetic efficiency.Justin UngererPo-Cheng LinHui-Yuan ChenHimadri B. PakrasiAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlecyanobacteriaelectron transportphotosynthesisSynechococcusMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cyanobacteria electron transport photosynthesis Synechococcus Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	cyanobacteria electron transport photosynthesis Synechococcus Microbiology QR1-502 Justin Ungerer Po-Cheng Lin Hui-Yuan Chen Himadri B. Pakrasi Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
description	ABSTRACT At the genome level, Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Synechococcus 2973) is nearly identical to the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Synechococcus 7942) with only 55 single nucleotide differences separating the two strains. Despite the high similarity between the two strains, Synechococcus 2973 grows three times faster, accumulates significantly more glycogen, is tolerant to extremely high light intensities, and displays higher photosynthetic rates. The high homology between the two strains provides a unique opportunity to examine the factors that lead to increased photosynthetic rates. We compared the photophysiology of the two strains and determined the differences in Synechococcus 2973 that lead to increased photosynthetic rates and the concomitant increase in biomass production. In this study, we identified inefficiencies in the electron transport chain of Synechococcus 7942 that have been alleviated in Synechococcus 2973. Photosystem II (PSII) capacity is the same in both strains. However, Synechococcus 2973 exhibits a 1.6-fold increase in PSI content, a 1.5-fold increase in cytochrome b6f content, and a 2.4-fold increase in plastocyanin content on a per cell basis. The increased content of electron carriers allows a higher flux of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain, while the increased PSI content provides more oxidizing power to maintain upstream carriers ready to accept electrons. These changes serve to increase the photosynthetic efficiency of Synechococcus 2973, the fastest growing cyanobacterium known. IMPORTANCE As the global population increases, the amount of arable land continues to decrease. To prevent a looming food crisis, crop productivity per acre must increase. A promising target for improving crop productivity is increasing the photosynthetic rates in crop plants. Cyanobacteria serve as models for higher plant photosynthetic systems and are an important test bed for improvements in photosynthetic productivity. In this study, we identified key factors that lead to improved photosynthetic efficiency and increased production of biomass of a cyanobacterium. We suggest that the findings presented herein will give direction to improvements that may be made in other photosynthetic organisms to improve photosynthetic efficiency.
format	article
author	Justin Ungerer Po-Cheng Lin Hui-Yuan Chen Himadri B. Pakrasi
author_facet	Justin Ungerer Po-Cheng Lin Hui-Yuan Chen Himadri B. Pakrasi
author_sort	Justin Ungerer
title	Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
title_short	Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
title_full	Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
title_fullStr	Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
title_full_unstemmed	Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973
title_sort	adjustments to photosystem stoichiometry and electron transfer proteins are key to the remarkably fast growth of the cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">synechococcus elongatus</italic> utex 2973
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/aee31062441c4934a66bae2a6a7774b5
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Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium <italic toggle="yes">Synechococcus elongatus</italic> UTEX 2973

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