Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know

ABSTRACT Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. Key areas requiring further study include (i) the role of aerosol transmission (either vi...

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Autores principales:	Michael T. Osterholm, Kristine A. Moore, Nicholas S. Kelley, Lisa M. Brosseau, Gary Wong, Frederick A. Murphy, Clarence J. Peters, James W. LeDuc, Phillip K. Russell, Michel Van Herp, Jimmy Kapetshi, Jean-Jacques T. Muyembe, Benoit Kebela Ilunga, James E. Strong, Allen Grolla, Anja Wolz, Brima Kargbo, David K. Kargbo, Pierre Formenty, David Avram Sanders, Gary P. Kobinger
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2015
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/af1664162a3145d08bddbb8d139494a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:af1664162a3145d08bddbb8d139494a82021-11-15T15:41:34ZTransmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know10.1128/mBio.00137-152150-7511https://doaj.org/article/af1664162a3145d08bddbb8d139494a82015-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00137-15https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. Key areas requiring further study include (i) the role of aerosol transmission (either via large droplets or small particles in the vicinity of source patients), (ii) the role of environmental contamination and fomite transmission, (iii) the degree to which minimally or mildly ill persons transmit infection, (iv) how long clinically relevant infectiousness persists, (v) the role that “superspreading events” may play in driving transmission dynamics, (vi) whether strain differences or repeated serial passage in outbreak settings can impact virus transmission, and (vii) what role sylvatic or domestic animals could play in outbreak propagation, particularly during major epidemics such as the 2013–2015 West Africa situation. In this review, we address what we know and what we do not know about Ebola virus transmission. We also hypothesize that Ebola viruses have the potential to be respiratory pathogens with primary respiratory spread.Michael T. OsterholmKristine A. MooreNicholas S. KelleyLisa M. BrosseauGary WongFrederick A. MurphyClarence J. PetersJames W. LeDucPhillip K. RussellMichel Van HerpJimmy KapetshiJean-Jacques T. MuyembeBenoit Kebela IlungaJames E. StrongAllen GrollaAnja WolzBrima KargboDavid K. KargboPierre FormentyDavid Avram SandersGary P. KobingerAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 6, Iss 2 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Michael T. Osterholm Kristine A. Moore Nicholas S. Kelley Lisa M. Brosseau Gary Wong Frederick A. Murphy Clarence J. Peters James W. LeDuc Phillip K. Russell Michel Van Herp Jimmy Kapetshi Jean-Jacques T. Muyembe Benoit Kebela Ilunga James E. Strong Allen Grolla Anja Wolz Brima Kargbo David K. Kargbo Pierre Formenty David Avram Sanders Gary P. Kobinger Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
description	ABSTRACT Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. Key areas requiring further study include (i) the role of aerosol transmission (either via large droplets or small particles in the vicinity of source patients), (ii) the role of environmental contamination and fomite transmission, (iii) the degree to which minimally or mildly ill persons transmit infection, (iv) how long clinically relevant infectiousness persists, (v) the role that “superspreading events” may play in driving transmission dynamics, (vi) whether strain differences or repeated serial passage in outbreak settings can impact virus transmission, and (vii) what role sylvatic or domestic animals could play in outbreak propagation, particularly during major epidemics such as the 2013–2015 West Africa situation. In this review, we address what we know and what we do not know about Ebola virus transmission. We also hypothesize that Ebola viruses have the potential to be respiratory pathogens with primary respiratory spread.
format	article
author	Michael T. Osterholm Kristine A. Moore Nicholas S. Kelley Lisa M. Brosseau Gary Wong Frederick A. Murphy Clarence J. Peters James W. LeDuc Phillip K. Russell Michel Van Herp Jimmy Kapetshi Jean-Jacques T. Muyembe Benoit Kebela Ilunga James E. Strong Allen Grolla Anja Wolz Brima Kargbo David K. Kargbo Pierre Formenty David Avram Sanders Gary P. Kobinger
author_facet	Michael T. Osterholm Kristine A. Moore Nicholas S. Kelley Lisa M. Brosseau Gary Wong Frederick A. Murphy Clarence J. Peters James W. LeDuc Phillip K. Russell Michel Van Herp Jimmy Kapetshi Jean-Jacques T. Muyembe Benoit Kebela Ilunga James E. Strong Allen Grolla Anja Wolz Brima Kargbo David K. Kargbo Pierre Formenty David Avram Sanders Gary P. Kobinger
author_sort	Michael T. Osterholm
title	Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
title_short	Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
title_full	Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
title_fullStr	Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
title_full_unstemmed	Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know
title_sort	transmission of ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/af1664162a3145d08bddbb8d139494a8
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Transmission of Ebola Viruses: What We Know and What We Do Not Know

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